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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Breeding horses is a precarious business at best. Despite great strides in research, conception rates overall are not high. Some researchers place them as low as 55-60% of all mares bred. In many cases, blame is placed on the mare. However, it takes two to reproduce, and there are times when the problem can lie with the stallion.
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GENERAL MANAGEMENT
A Day in the Life of A Breeding Farm
The generations of the Thoroughbred are entrusted today to the breeding farm. Unlike the beginnings of life in the wild, the goal is to create as controlled an atmosphere as humanly possible. MORE...
Male Horse Hygiene
The sheath of a male horse needs to be periodically cleaned, but this chore is often neglected by horse owners. MORE...
More information about general management:
Finding a Stallion Handler
Dual Hemisphere Breeding and Live Foal Percentages
Nature at Work: Pasture Breeding
Can He or Can't He?
Reproductive Emergencies in the Stallion
How Well Do You Know Your Stallion?
Entire Males as Athletes
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STALLION BEHAVIOR
Breeding on Cue
Since he was two, our stallion has shown very high libido, so it has been hard to keep him focused on work. Now we want to start breeding him while continuing to show him. And since we worked so hard to get his mind off mares at shows, now we want to do everything right to try to minimize the chance that hell relapse. MORE...
Problem Breeder
In the pasture breeding situation, our stallion was aggressive to the point of running the mare down, viciously grabbing her by the withers, forcing her into a corner, and raping her. How would a problem such as this have been created in the first place? And even though we have things fairly under control at the moment, do you have any suggestions or tips on how to manage this stallion? MORE...
More information about stallion behavior:
Keeping Horses in Harems
Horse Behavior and Women's Reproductive Cycles
Stallion Mounting Behavior
Stallion Libido
Abusive Training for Stud Colts
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BREEDING TRAINING
From Novice to Advanced: Tips for Stallion Handlers
Even though we think a stallion should know his business in the breeding shed, that is not always the case at the beginning. "Starting a novice breeding stallion can range from a quick and easy project accomplished in a few brief sessions to a challenging and time-consuming effort over many sessions and even a few weeks," says Sue McDonnell, PhD, a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist and head of the Equine Behavior Lab of the Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania (New Bolton Center).
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Stallion Washing Aversion
Over the years, we have had a couple of stallions that we have had difficulty getting washed before breeding. Last season we started one of these "no-wash" stallions. We want to wash this stallion, but whenever you even go close to his flank he will cow-kick like lightning. At the same time he loses his erection, so getting tough with him is just frustrating for everyone. What would be your advice for a stallion like this? MORE...
More information about breeding training:
Slow-Starting Stallion
Tips for Stallion Handlers
Young Guns: How Racehorses Make the Transition to Stallions
AI Training For Stallions
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ASK THE VET
Regumate to Control Stud Behavior?
My yearling stallion has begun his show career in longe line classes. He is beginning to lose concentration and act "studdy" at shows. It was suggested that I put him on Regumate to help control this behavior (as an alternative to gelding). What are the pros and cons? MORE...
More about stallion care:
Mare vs. Stallion Genes
Breeding Horses With Genetic Disorders
Prepping Stallions
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MAKE YOURS A STALLION OF MAGNITUDE!
Better breeding through the science of feeding.
Magnitude enhances the nutrition of breeding stallions by providing a unique blend of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular the important omega-3 fatty acids DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid). DHA, a key fatty acid for proper sperm cell function, is the main component of supplement. By altering the ratio of DHA in the sperm cells, it is possible to change storability and viability characteristics of the ejaculate. Researched by Texas A&M University, Colorado State University, and the University of Arizona, and inaddition to its proven safety, these trials have demonstrated positive effects of including DHA in the diet.Feeding Magnitude to stallions increased the DHA content of the sperm cell, increased total progressively motile sperm, and improved viability after storage. Magnitude is a product of United BioNutrition and is exclusively represented by Bioniche Animal Health.
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FERTILITY
AAEP 2003: Feeding to Improve Fertility of Stallions
Research has shown that boars can be fed a specific diet to increase fertility, and the same might be true of stallions. Steven Brinsko, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACT, from Texas A&M University, discussed the potential of feeding a nutraceutical to stallions to enhance their fertility during his presentation at the American Association of Equine Practitioners convention. MORE...
AAEP Convention 2004: Sperm Membrane Integrity
While a large part of microscopic semen evaluation centers around motility (directional sperm movement) and morphology (sperm structure), some reproductive specialists think there's more to the story. In an attempt to better understand stallion fertility, Steven P. Brinsko, DVM, MS, PhD, Dipl. ACT, associate professor of theriogenology at Texas A&M University, presented the results of research investigating the relationships between sperm membrane integrity, motility, and morphology. MORE...
More information about stallion fertility:
How to Improve Stallion Fertility?
Managing Subfertile Stallions
Colt Fertility
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DISEASE
EVA--Equine Viral Arteritis
One of the most problematic diseases, with the most potential to be shipped along with semen from anywhere in the world, is equine viral arteritis. Arteritis is a highly contagious viral disease that can cause fever, respiratory illness, ocular inflammation, edema (swelling; especially of the limbs), birth of weak or sick foals, and abortion. It can be transmitted through the respiratory route or venereal route (through natural cover or artificial insemination). MORE...
Contagious Equine Metritis
CEM is a highly contagious venereal infection of all equids caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis. It was first recognized as a previously undescribed disease in horses in 1977. MORE...
EVA Uniform Methods and Rules Released
USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service announced in May 2004 the release of the United States' Equine Viral Arteritis Uniform Methods and Rules, which will serve as a standard for handling EVA in breeding and other situations in this country. MORE...
More information on disease:
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ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
Breeding Globally: AI Advances
Breeding without boundaries; it sounds like science fiction. Yet today, we can breed two animals from different time zones, even different continents, through advances in artificial insemination. MORE...
More information about assisted reproduction:
Supplementing for Semen Quality
The ART of Breeding
AAEP 2004: Stretching Semen in the Aged Stallion
Advances in Artificial Insemination
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CRYPTORCHIDISM
What is a Cryptorchid?
Cryptorchid, ridgling, and even rig are terms used to describe a stallion with at least one undescended testis. The condition is not unique to equids, but the horse is of specific importance as the retained testis fails to produce viable sperm, so fertility rates are affected. However, the testis is still capable of producing testosterone, so the animal will show stallion-like behavior. The cost of castrating a cryptorchid is significantly higher than standard castration, and retained testes are at a higher risk of developing malignant (cancerous) tumors. MORE...
Cryptorchidectomy Surgery
My stallion is going in for a cryptorchidectomy surgery. What is the expected recovery time and how long do I need to wait until I can turn him out with mares? MORE...
Stallion or Gelding?
A cryptorchid, also called a ridgling, is a male horse in which one or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum. In the developing fetus, the testicles are formed within the abdomen. As the fetus nears term, the inguinal rings and inguinal canal (passage through which the testicles descend) expand to allow for descent of the testicles into the scrotum. MORE...
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BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAM
Evaluating Semen Quality
Stallion owners must determine if their stallions have what it takes physically to make a good breeding prospect, including good semen quality, before the start of the breeding season. In his presentation at the sixth annual Equine School at the Alltech Symposium, Peter Sheerin, DVM, Dipl. ACT, a theriogenologist at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital in Lexington, Ky., asked the audience: "What is good semen quality?"
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Shed Ready? Breeding Soundness Exam
Reproduction, from Nature's viewpoint, is a pretty straightforward procedure that begins with breeding and ends with parturition. From the horse owners viewpoint, it isn't all that simple or easy.
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More information on breeding soundness exams:
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BOOK EXCERPT: AGE TO BREED A COLT
Editor's Note: This is an excerpt from Understanding Your Horse's Behavior by author and equine behavior specialist Sue McDonnell, PhD, Certified AAB. The book is available from www.ExclusivelyEquine.com.
How young is too young to breed a colt? We have a coming two-year-old who acts like he is ready to breed. We don't have any mares to breed to him, but the question came up for discussion last night. This colt was out there showing his stuff along the fence near the fillies. Among us we had strong opinions about how young horses could breed, how young they should breed, and how young they could be fertile. Some of us thought that it was okay, and others thought it might mess them up for the future to start too early. If a colt appears to be breeding, does that mean he is mature enough to impregnate the mare?
Click here to read more.
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MORE INFORMATION ON STALLION CARE
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