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Articles ( * = TheHorse.com members only )Date Posted
Merck, Schering-Plough Complete Merge
Merck & Co. Inc. has outlined its global plans following the completion of Merck's merger with Schering-Plough Corporation. "With our merger now complete, we are ready to deliver on the promise of a new Merck built on a foundation of scientific innovation and dedication to the well-being of patients around the world," said Richard ... Read full story
 11/6/2009
Boehringer Ingelheim to Acquire Some Fort Dodge Equine Products
Boehringer Ingelheim, a global pharmaceutical group of companies, together with its U.S. animal health business Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc., has closed its deal with Pfizer to acquire a significant portion of the Fort Dodge Animal Health business. The acquisition, which includes products in the United States, Australia, Canada, and South ... Read full story
 11/3/2009
Understanding Antibody Titers  *
One of the most often used and least understood immunological terms is antibody titer. But what does titer mean, and how can this information be used in assessing the immune status of a horse? A titer is defined as the concentration of specific antibodies in the blood that recognize a particular agent, such as equine influenza virus. The titer is ... Read full story
 10/20/2009
Free Rabies Vaccines for Some Rescue Horses   *
Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health plans to donate 7,250 doses of EquiRab rabies vaccine to the Unwanted Horse Veterinary Relief Campaign (UHVRC) in honor of World Rabies Day. The donated vaccines were pledged to 150 UHVRC equine rescue and retirement facilities across the country, helping to protect the thousands of horses in their care from contracting ... Read full story
 10/5/2009
Free Equine Rabies Webinar Tonight, Sign Up Now  *
Rabies is a life-threatening neurologic disease that has the potential to spread from horses to humans. Once horses show clinical signs of rabies, death can occur within days. The best protection you can offer your horse is prevention. Join TheHorse.com and Amanda House, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, to learn how to protect your horse and yourself from rabies ... Read full story
 9/24/2009
AAEP: Vaccinate Horses to Prevent Rabies   *
When a horse is infected with rabies, the outcome is invariably fatal. But taking the simple step of ensuring an annual vaccination for your horse will nearly eliminate your horse’s risk of contracting this deadly disease. In observation of World Rabies Day, Sept. 28, 2009, the American Association of Equine Practitioners urges veterinarians and ... Read full story
 9/22/2009
North Dakota Urges Livestock Anthrax Prevention   *
Livestock producers in areas with a history of anthrax cases should take measures to protect their animals from the disease, North Dakota animal health officials advise. "We have just received confirmation of a case of anthrax in cattle along the Hettinger-Slope County line, the first reported in that area in many years and the first confirmed case ... Read full story
 9/21/2009
Mosquito-Borne Horse Diseases Update  *
Many equine health professionals are worried that because of the economic recession that's lasted more than a year, many horses are either not vaccinated or are under-vaccinated to protect them agasint common diseases. According to the USDA, as of Sept. 3, there have been 193 cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and 64 cases of West Nile virus ... Read full story
 9/6/2009
Mosquito-Borne Equine Diseases Prevalent on Both Coasts  *
As of Aug. 25, Florida led the United States in the number of documented equine cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease with mortality rates of around 90% in horses. Washington state officials had confirmed the most equine cases of West Nile virus (WNV) this year. Thus far in 2009 cases of EEE are largely clustered in ... Read full story
 9/3/2009
Maine Reports Five EEE Horse Deaths, Three Suspect  *
Five horses in Maine have died of confirmed Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and animal health authorities are waiting on test results of another three "suspicious" cases, reported the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (Maine CDC) and the Maine Department of Agriculture's Animal Health and Industry Division. EEE is a virus that is transmitted ... Read full story
 9/3/2009
West Nile Virus: Washington Reports Highest Number of Cases   *
West Nile virus cases are popping up across the country, with Washington state reporting the highest number of equine cases. As of Aug. 19, Washington animal health authorities had reported 12 equine cases. Other states reporting cases included Montana (4), California (3), Kentucky (2), and Louisiana (2). Mississippi, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia ... Read full story
 8/24/2009
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Might Offer Some WNV Protection  *
Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis might mitigate West Nile virus (WNV) infection in some horses, said a group of researchers from Japan's National Institute of Animal Health in a recent paper. Outbreaks of WNV have been reported in many countries, including the United States, but it has not yet been detected in most Asian countries. However, ... Read full story
 8/18/2009
Europe Closing The Gap with New Vaccine Technology  *
A novel equine influenza vaccine using a specialized second generation ISCOM-Matrix adjuvant has resulted in a product that is not only safe and effective, but also capable of closing the so-called "immunity gap," reported researchers from Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health in The Netherlands. In Europe, veterinarians traditionally administer ... Read full story
 8/10/2009
EEE Reports Prompt Horse Vaccination Push  *
Recent reports of several horses dying from Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) serve as a reminder that horse owners should make sure their horses are vaccinated. "We've always recommended that horse owners in Oklahoma vaccinate for it as a preventive measure," said Carolynn MacAllister, DVM, Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension veterinarian. ... Read full story
 7/27/2009
African Horse Sickness Vaccine a Work in Progress   *
North America is free of the African horse sickness virus, yet this disease poses an important threat should an infected horse or a biting midge that harbors the virus be introduced. African horse sickness (AHS) is the most lethal disease known to horses. Fortunately for American horses, AHS is currently enzootic, meaning only a limited number of ... Read full story
 7/15/2009
New Strangles Vaccine Research in Progress  *
There are about 150,000 horses in Montana, about one-sixth the number of people living in the state. Whether they are used for pleasure riding, racing, ranching, or hunting, all of these horses are susceptible to strangles. "Most horses will get strangles eventually, so it is very critical to find a vaccine," said Benfang Lei, PhD, assistant professor ... Read full story
 7/6/2009
EEE, WEE, and VEE (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis)  *
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis can be deadly, but they also can be prevented. Author’s Note: My grandfather and his neighbors in southern Idaho lost several work horses to "brain fever" in the 1930s. My grandfather’s family managed to save one mare; they tied her in the barn, supported her with a sling, and secured ice packs ... Read full story
 7/1/2009
Core Vaccines Protect Horse Health, Vet Reminds  *
This summer's warmer weather has horse owners out riding, tending to foals, and heading to shows and other activities. In the midst of it all, a Kansas State University veterinarian is reminding owners to make sure their horses are vaccinated. "Rabies, tetanus, Western and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and West Nile virus are the four core vaccines ... Read full story
 6/29/2009
Botulism in Horses: A Deadly Disease  *
Botulism is a deadly disease caused by the toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that impairs nerve function, including those of the diaphragm, leading to paralysis. When the nerves to the diaphragm are paralyzed, the affected animal stops breathing and will die as a result. C. botulinum ... Read full story
 6/25/2009
Foal Immune Responses after WNV Vaccination, AAEP 2008   *
A study conducted by personnel at the University of Kentucky and other institutions was aimed at determining an appropriate time for vaccinating foals for West Nile virus (WNV), reported David Horohov, PhD, at the 2008 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, which was held Dec. 6-10 in San Diego, Calif. Among basic questions to be ... Read full story
 6/21/2009
Poll: Majority of TheHorse.com Readers Vaccinate Against WNV  *
More than 1,270 readers of TheHorse.com responded to a poll asking, "Do you vaccinate for West Nile virus annually?" Results were as follows: Yes 88.10% (1,125) No 11.90% (152) Readers shared their reasoning in the comments below. Poll sponsored by Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health Results of weekly polls from TheHorse.com ... Read full story
 6/19/2009
WNV Reality Check! Webinar on TheHorse.com   *
Do you think West Nile virus (WNV) has run its course in the United States? Then you need to watch the "WNV Reality Check!" on TheHorse.com on Thursday, July 30, at 8 p.m., sponsored by Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health. You can sign up now! According to the Centers for Disease Control, last year there were 687 human cases of West Nile virus ... Read full story
 6/9/2009
Rabies Danger, Exposure Cost Reinforce Equine Vaccination Need   *
Rabies is a rhabdovirus that has been a human threat since antiquity. The virus is capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals with some variation in susceptibility. Rabies is considered 100% fatal to the infected host. However, in order for any disease to perpetuate itself, 100% is not in the realm of "mother nature," or the disease would kill itself ... Read full story
 6/7/2009
Remember Rabies Vaccination Before Attending Horse Shows  *
Before you hit the show circuit this season, be sure to do your part to keep horses, other animals, and competitors safe by including a rabies vaccination at your pre-event health exam. Vaccinations can do more than just help horses--they can help protect horse owners from disease, too. "Owners sometimes forget diseases that affect their horses or ... Read full story
 6/1/2009
New Cloning Technology Might Mean Improved EHV Vaccines  *
Japanese researchers recently reported the use of the technology "Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) cloning," which enabled the scientists to clone the entire genome of a virus in bacteria. The technique could be used to mass produce infectious equine herpesvirus type-4 (EHV-4), allowing researchers to study differences in this and related viruses' ... Read full story
 5/19/2009
TheHorse.com en Español: ¡Rabia!   *
This is one of a series of articles translated as part of our partnership with A Caballo, an equine publication based in Mexico, and Jorge Murga, DVM. Keep an eye on TheHorse.com for more Spanish-language resources coming soon. Read this article in English. Preguntas o comentarios en español puede ser enviado a News@TheHorse.com. La rabia es ... Read full story
 5/19/2009
Veterinary Relief Campaign Provides Vaccines to Unwanted Horses   *
Veterinarians and equine rescue and retirement facilities are teaming up to help rehabilitate, revitalize and, ultimately, find new homes for America's unwanted horses through the Unwanted Horse Veterinary Relief Campaign (UHVRC). Although the campaign was launched only four months ago, the UHVRC already has provided aid to more than 1,400 horses across ... Read full story
 5/9/2009
Keeping Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis 'Foreign'  *
Most horse owners are familiar with Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, if only through the statement they receive from their veterinarian following their horses' annual vaccinations. But there's another "EE" that, while long absent from the United States, should not be forgotten: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, or VEE. The zoonotic ... Read full story
 4/23/2009
Table Topic: Infectious Disease   *
Several topics were discussed at the infectious diseases table topic at the 2008 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention held in San Diego, Calif. Bonnie Barr, VMD, from Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital, and Josie Traub-Dargatz, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, from Colorado State University, facilitated the session. The first topic discussed was ... Read full story
 4/14/2009
Vaccinate Against Equine Flu to Minimize Spread of Disease   *
Equine influenza is a common respiratory infection in horses caused by the equine influenza A type-2 virus. While influenza is not particularly harmful to affected horses (i.e., it has a very low mortality rate), it is associated with explosive outbreaks that have a large economic impact on the industry. Vaccination of at-risk horses and continually ... Read full story
 4/9/2009
Can We Prevent Strangles?  *
Strangles is a dreaded disease for horse owners. It is caused by bacterial infection with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (referred to as S. equi). The bacteria typically infect the upper airway and lymph nodes of the head and neck. Strangles has affected horses for centuries, is highly contagious, can recur on farms with previous outbreaks, and ... Read full story
 4/1/2009
Don't Overlook Trail Horse Vaccination   *
Trail riding can be fun and relaxing, but it can also leave horses exposed to disease, especially if they are traveling to a new area or haven't been given the proper vaccinations to help protect them from local disease threats. "Horses that travel only once or twice a year are not out of the woods when it comes to equine diseases," said April Knudson, ... Read full story
 3/25/2009
Vaccinations Not a Place to Cut Back, Vets Say  *
In today's economy, many horse owners are looking for ways to cut back on expenses--but skimping on equine vaccinations should not be one of them. "People are looking for ways to cut costs, and preventive care seems like an obvious choice to them because they're not 'emergency' expenses," said Kimberly Anne May, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVS, of the American ... Read full story
 3/18/2009
AAEP 2008: Immunostimulants for Foals   *
A product that could stimulate the immune systems of newborn foals to better fight infection of Rhodococcus equi would be very beneficial, said Steeve Giguère, DVM, PhD, of the University of Florida, at the 2008 American Association of Equine Practitioners convention, held Dec. 6-10 in San Diego, Calif. Pneumonia caused by R. equi is endemic on many ... Read full story
 3/4/2009
Vaccination Time: What to Expect  *
When vaccination time rolls around, do you know what to expect after your horse's immunizations? Every horse owner expects their vaccinated horse to be protected from disease, but some horse owners don't expect to see a reaction that may occur after a vaccination. "Vaccines can save time, money and may even save your horse's life," said April Knudson, ... Read full story
 3/2/2009
Vaccine Reaction: Calculated Risk?
Q: I own a 12-year-old Percheron/Thoroughbred gelding who started to have severe allergic reactions to vaccinations last year. He's been receiving the same vaccinations for the past several years--a five-way and West Nile virus (WNV). Last spring, we decided to separate the vaccinations to make the effect less toxic. He received the five-way only, ... Read full story
 3/1/2009
Where Not to Pinch Pennies  *
In tough economic times, many horse owners look for ways to cut costs. Too often this is done by cutting back on veterinary care. However, it is important to keep in mind that what may save us a couple of dollars now might end up costing us much more in the future. Keeping your horse in good health is actually the best way to save money long term. ... Read full story
 3/1/2009
AAEP 2008: Lawsonia Intracellularis Vaccination   *
Infection with Lawsonia intracellularis (most often seen in weanlings) can cause edema (fluid swelling) beneath the abdomen and in the lower limbs, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea, fever, colic, and weight loss. It is a "true emerging disease with more cases every year," according to Nicola Pusterla, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, associate professor of veterinary ... Read full story
 2/27/2009
Managing a Horse on a Tight Budget   *
Most horse owners do not own horses as a business, or with expectations of generating household income from them. Rather, owners are more intent on maximizing the amount of pleasure or involvement per dollar spent. Saving money when it comes to horse ownership is always important, but even more so when the economy is down and people are struggling ... Read full story
 1/24/2009
Vaccination Yearly Planner  *
Immunizations are the cornerstone of disease prevention if given appropriately and in a timely manner. One of the brightest spots of equine medical care for horses is the availability of many safe and effective vaccines to protect horses from infectious and noninfectious diseases. Sometimes it is confusing as to which ones your horse might need. Let's ... Read full story
 1/1/2009
Working Equids in Ethiopia Receive Donated Vaccines   *
A gift of vaccines to help prevent the suffering--and even death--of thousands of working horses and donkeys has arrived in Ethiopia, arranged as a gift by a Colorado State University veterinarian. The vaccines, donated by Fort Dodge Animal Health, a veterinary medicine supplier based in Kansas, will help prevent tetanus in 5,000 working horses and ... Read full story
 12/19/2008
Free Vaccines for Some Unwanted Horses  *
Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health and the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) Dec. 8 unveiled the Unwanted Horse Veterinary Relief Campaign (UHVRC), a nonprofit program that will provide free equine vaccines to qualified equine rescue and retirement facilities across the United States. "At Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, ... Read full story
 12/9/2008
West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine for Horses Introduced   *
West Nile-Innovator DNA, a vaccine for horses to aid in the prevention of viremia caused by the potentially deadly West Nile virus, was launched by Fort Dodge Animal Health, a division of Wyeth, Dec. 4. Developed in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this represents a tremendous milestone in DNA science and ... Read full story
 12/5/2008
University of Florida Veterinarian Troubleshoots West Nile Virus   *
In 2001, University of Florida veterinarian Maureen Long, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, became an authority on West Nile virus by accident. That year, Long and other UF Large Animal Medicine clinicians saw some of the first Florida horses breaking with the mosquito-borne disease. Prior to its arrival in Florida, there had been fewer than 100 cases of the ... Read full story
 11/10/2008
Kentucky Confirms First EEE Case Since 1995   *
According to a statement from the Kentucky State Veterinarian's Office, the USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, today confirmed a diagnosis of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in a Paint filly in Gallatin County. The 6-month-old filly first showed clinical signs Oct. 9. She was found down and unable to rise without ... Read full story
 11/5/2008
Tetanus Death Review Finds Correlation to Age, Vaccination Status  *
Young horses are more susceptible to the dangers of tetanus than their older counterparts and are at a greater risk of death due to the disease, according to recent study carried out by Belgian researchers at the University of Liege. Their research also revealed that, contrary to a common belief, the administration of tetanus anti-serum (TAT) is ... Read full story
 11/2/2008
Consider Vaccinating Horses Against Botulism   *
The recent deaths of approximately 100 horses in Florida in an apparent outbreak of equine botulism have highlighted the need for a better understanding of the causes of the dreaded disease, and how it can be prevented. Haylage contaminated with the botulinum toxin has been implicated as the culprit in the outbreak that spread quickly through a population ... Read full story
 11/2/2008
Equine Herpesvirus Update  *
While there are many types of herpesviruses that affect horses, EHV-1, with its neurologic effects and its penchant for spread amongst groups of horses, is garnering the most attention in the horse industry worldwide. Equine herpesvirus has been on the minds of many horse people over the past few years. Outbreaks have popped up all over the United ... Read full story
 11/1/2008
Livestock Rabies Can Take Many Forms  *
Most U.S. states reported a large animal rabies case from 2002 to 2006. However, there are eight states that reported more than 41 reported cases of rabies in horses, cattle or sheep: Texas, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Virginia, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and New York. "Rabies is a potentially deadly disease that is preventable," said Frank Hurtig, DVM, ... Read full story
 10/30/2008
Equine Rabies Free Webinar on TheHorse.com   *
Could you identify a rabid horse if you saw one? Chances are you couldn't. That's because the clinical signs of rabies can be similar to many other diseases--even colic. Tune in for a free Webinar on Equine Rabies presented by TheHorse.com on Sept. 25 at 8 p.m., EST. In this Webinar Dr. Steve Reed will explain how to recognize rabies in horses, what ... Read full story
 9/24/2008
After the Hurricane: Flooding, Mosquitoes, and Equine Disease   *
Recent flooding, including flooding from storm surge and rains due to Hurricane Ike, likely will lead to significantly increased mosquito activity in many parts of Texas. "Flooding in many parts of the state has created optimal conditions for mosquitoes to breed, making these areas a regular hotbed of mosquito activity," said Mark Johnsen, PhD, a ... Read full story
 9/19/2008
Tips on Caring for Livestock After Hurricanes  *
Immediate danger to livestock from hurricanes comes from drowning due to storm surges and accumulated rainfall. Injury can occur from flying debris or electric shock from downed power lines. But the risk of injury doesn't end when the storm passes. "After the hurricane, danger to livestock can come from several sources," said Joe Paschal, PhD, AgriLife ... Read full story
 9/18/2008
Rabies Has Many Faces  *
Rabies. The word conjures up chilling images from old movies: a snarling dog, foaming at the mouth, attacking anything that moves. But did you know horses are very susceptible to this disease? Skunks, foxes, bats, and raccoons are the main wild animals that transmit rabies. These all can live in habitats bordering typical horse farms. Wild animals ... Read full story
 9/1/2008
Wisconsin Horses Positive for EEE, WNV  *
A horse in Dodge County, Wisc., has died from Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease that is easily prevented by vaccination. A yearling Quarter Horse died from EEE in Juneau July 28, one day after it showed neurologic signs consistent with the virus. The horse had not been vaccinated against the disease and the diagnosis ... Read full story
 8/12/2008
Equine Rabies Case Confirmed in Kentucky  *
Kentucky Public Health officials have confirmed a case of rabies in a horse in Pulaski County. According to Michael Auslander, DVM, MSPH, state public health veterinarian with the Kentucky Department for Public Health, the infected horse probably contracted the disease from a skunk. Auslander is reminding owners to vaccinate their horses annually. ... Read full story
 8/5/2008
West Nile Incidence and Vaccination, 1999-2007   *
West Nile virus (WNV), an arbovirus endemic in North America, is the causative agent of West Nile equine encephalomyelitis (WNEE) and an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of horses with signs of neurologic disease. West Nile virus vaccination is important in the prevention of WNEE and is considered one of the core equine vaccinations ... Read full story
 7/27/2008
Iowa State University Vets: Protect Horses from WNV  *
The time to protect horses from West Nile virus (WNV) is now, said David Wong, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, assistant professor of equine medicine at Iowa State University's Veterinary Medical Center. "The peak of West Nile season is August and September," said Wong. "Horse owners should have their animals vaccinated now to protect them against the virus." West ... Read full story
 7/7/2008
EEE: Florida Horse Owners Urged to Vaccinate   *
Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles Bronson is urging horse owners to get their animals vaccinated as the number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases are on the rise. As of June 30, there were four times as many cases as there were during the same time period in the two previous years. There have been 45 confirmed ... Read full story
 7/2/2008
Upcoming Webinar: How to Keep Your Horse Healthy   *
Is vaccinating your horse your only means of disease prevention? While vaccination is important, you're only scratching the surface of what you can do to keep your horse healthy and prevent disease spread on your farm. Join TheHorse.com and Dr. Josie Traub-Dargatz on July 8 at 8 p.m. EDT for a one-hour video presentation and live question and answer ... Read full story
 6/30/2008
New Horse Course on Targeting Foal Disease Available  *
Neonate losses are a significant problem for the equine industry. In one study in an equine-dense area, 68% of foal deaths occurred within the first month of life, with 41% occurring during the first week of life alone. Causes ranged from infections and musculoskeletal injuries to pneumonia and gastrointestinal disorders. In the latest Horse Course ... Read full story
 5/29/2008
South Dakota Horse Owners Reminded to Vaccinate Against WNV  *
Although the number of cases of WNV in South Dakota's horses has gone down significantly in recent years, this decline can be largely attributed to the success of the vaccine, according to South Dakota State University Extension Veterinarian Russ Daly, DVM. The mosquito-transmitted disease is still a threat in South Dakota, and non-vaccinated horses ... Read full story
 5/22/2008
New Equine Rabies Vaccine Introduced   *
EquiRab, a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses, is now available from Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health. The new vaccine for horses offers long-lasting protection against rabies in a single, low-dose injection. "Just as it is for dogs and cats, the potential for horse exposure to rabies justifies vaccination," said Craig Barnett, ... Read full story
 5/16/2008
Make Vaccination Part of Horse Show Season Preparation  *
Competitions bring together people and horses from different corners of the country, but they also can bring disease. Ensuring horses are properly vaccinated before show season can help protect competing horses and prevent loss of performance and training time. "Horses can be exposed to disease in the stable, during the trip or through contact ... Read full story
 5/15/2008
Equine Flu Vaccine Adds Protection from Additional Strain  *
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc., has received approval from the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for a line of equine influenza vaccines trademarked as Calvenza-03. Calvenza-03 EIV (equine influenza virus) and Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV (equine influenza virus/equine herpesvirus) will be the only equine influenza vaccines available that ... Read full story
 5/13/2008
Sleep Over Safely  *
Tips for before, during, and after your trip to help your horses be safe, comfortable, and healthy. When traveling with horses, it's important to make sure they stay safe and healthy during their trip, and they don't bring home diseases when the trip is done. Roberta Dwyer, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVPM (preventive medicine), a professor at the University ... Read full story
 5/1/2008
Umbilical Issues
Q: My 11-day-old Walking Horse stud colt came down with tetanus, which was apparently contracted through his umbilical cord. His cord was leaking urine. When should a colt be vaccinated for tetanus to prevent this, and does a leaking umbilical cord ever seal off without surgery? Is the mare apt to have another colt with this problem? Should I put iodine ... Read full story
 5/1/2008
Vaccination Guidelines  *
Spring means vaccination time. In 2008, the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) Infectious Disease Committee released a revised online version of their "Guidelines for the Vaccination of Horses." Developing a vaccination schedule is not as straightforward as it sounds. So much of what you should vaccinate for depends upon such factors ... Read full story
 4/21/2008
Vaccination, Early Recognition Key with Potomac Horse Fever   *
The name is deceiving, but Potomac horse fever (PHF) is not just a concern for horses near the Potomac River. Cases have been found across most of the United States.1 Knowing the key signs of PHF and watching carefully for them can help alert owners to protect healthy horses that might be at risk. "Every veterinarian and horse owner worries about ... Read full story
 4/17/2008
South African Horse Sickness Cases Approach 300   *
African horse sickness (AHS) has struck close to 300 horses in South Africa so far this year, killing approximately half of them and prompting an embargo on horse transports in Western Cape. The area on equine lockdown includes the country's import/export zone, according to information provided by the African Horse Sickness Trust. Seven of the 12 ... Read full story
 3/25/2008
Florida Official Urges EEE Vaccination; 9 Deaths Reported  *
Florida horse owners are being urged to take advantage of the vaccines available to protect their animals against Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus, said Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles H. Bronson. As the weather in Florida warms up, the mosquito populations will increase as will the potential for ... Read full story
 3/21/2008
Fighting Equine Influenza: Winning the Battle but Losing the War?   *
Over the course of a few short months, the Australian horse flu outbreak cost the country approximately $100 million AU ($92.6 million US) and caused racing, breeding, and other performance horse-related activities to effectively grind to a halt. Australia, which was influenza-free until August 2007, was hard hit by this virus. The combination of ... Read full story
 3/18/2008
Readers Respond: Calling the Shots  *
More than 1,800 readers of TheHorse.com responded to a poll asking, "When do you vaccinate your horse(s)?" Results were as follows: Spring: 68.33% (1,243) It varies: 14.02% (255) Fall: 7.15% (130) My horses don't get vaccinations: 3.90% (71) Winter: 3.85% (70) Summer: 2.75% (50) Due to an error, only one answer was allowed. ... Read full story
 2/21/2008
Control of Equine Influenza Requires Diligence  *
The outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) that occurred in 2007 in Japan and Australia are a jolting reminder that influenza viruses use simple--but very effective--strategies for their own survival, and that our lack of attention allows this virus to create epidemics. One of those strategies is very high contagiousness, with the capacity to infect large ... Read full story
 2/3/2008
New Vaccination Guidelines for Horses Released   *
Revised guidelines for the vaccination of horses are now available from the Infectious Disease Committee of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP). The committee, chaired by Mary Scollay, DVM, has made recommendations for the use of vaccines based on the age of the horse and its previous vaccination history. The Committee, comprised ... Read full story
 1/25/2008
Strangles Management and Prevention  *
New strategies for management and prevention. It is not uncommon for strangles infections to recur on a farm, and until recent years there have been misconceptions about how this disease is maintained in a population of horses. These days scientists understand the phenomenon and can better explain it. We now know a farm that has experienced an ... Read full story
 11/1/2007
NAHMS Equine Studies  *
The National Animal Health Monitoring Systems (NAHMS), a program within the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, conducts various animal health studies. NAHMS conducted specific studies of equine health and management during 1998 and again in 2005. These studies provide information that offers equine owners and managers the opportunity ... Read full story
 10/1/2007
Webinar: Understanding West Nile Virus
Since West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999, more than 24,671 horses have been infected. Fall is when horse owners and veterinarians most often see this deadly virus emerge. To help horse owners better understand this disease, host TheHorse.com and sponsor Intervet presented the on-demand educational webinar "Understanding West Nile ... Read full story
 9/25/2007
Older Horses Part 3: Vaccinations and Deworming  *
Experts share opinions and research on guidelines for deworming and vaccinating aging equines. Do older horses build immunity over the years, or lose it? Do they build a resistance to worms as time passes, or to deworming agents? With more equines than ever living long into their golden years, these are questions an increasing number of horse owners ... Read full story
 9/1/2007
PHF Vaccine Efficacy: Better Safe than Sorry?
Has there been new research completed on the available vaccines for Potomac horse fever (PHF) or are they what veterinarians gave years ago? A person told me that there has been no new research on Potomac horse fever vaccines that we use today. Are our vaccines up-to-date as far as preventatives? Do our horses need a PHF vaccine, or are we wasting ... Read full story
 8/1/2007
Health Problems of Young Horses in Training  *
Young horses in training are vulnerable to a wide variety of problems--everything from respiratory disease to training injuries. These horses are often taken off the farm where they grew up, transported to training facilities where they experience a new environment, and exposed to other horses from various places. This commingling of youngsters means ... Read full story
 8/1/2007
EVA (Equine Viral Arteritis) Update  *
Over the past year there has been considerable fear in the breeding industry --especially the Quarter Horse industry--about the spread of equine viral arteritis (EVA). Although the disease has been around for a long time, confirmed outbreaks of EVA are relatively infrequent. The most recent series of outbreaks started with the shipment of equine ... Read full story
 8/1/2007
Oklahoma Horse Owners Urged to Vaccinate Animals Against WNV  *
Oklahoma state veterinarians are encouraging horse owners to have their animals vaccinated against the potentially deadly West Nile virus. The virus is carried by mosquitoes and officials say because of the rainy summer mosquitoes are prevalent and the virus season is likely to extend into October. Assistant state veterinarian Michael Herrin, DVM, ... Read full story
 7/28/2007
Influenza Canarypox Vaccine Reduces Clinical Signs and Shedding  *
Researchers found that clinical signs of influenza and virus shedding were significantly reduced in horses vaccinated with a recombinant canarypox-vectored influenza vaccine and experimentally exposed to influenza compared to unvaccinated horses, explained Jules Minke, DVM, PhD, at the 2006 AAEP Convention. Minke was the project leader of Biologicals ... Read full story
 7/20/2007
Vaccination Principles   *
Debra Sellon, DVM, PhD, associate professor of equine medicine at Washington State University's vet school, spoke about equine vaccination principles and strategies at the Western Performance Horse Forum held in Nampa, Idaho, on Feb. 15-17. She stressed two goals when considering immunization: 1) To prevent infectious disease; and 2) To comply with ... Read full story
 3/18/2007
Herpesvirus Vaccination Recommendations  *
The following vaccination recommendations for equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) were made by Julia Wilson, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, associate professor of Veterinary Population Medicine at the University of Minnesota. There is some debate among researchers and veterinarians on which vaccine (modified live or killed) is best. Wilson reminds horse owners that no ... Read full story
 12/27/2006
Merial Adds Recombitek Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine to its Line  *
On Saturday, Dec. 2, Merial announced the addition of Recombitek Equine Influenza Virus vaccine to its recombinant vaccine line--the first and only equine influenza vaccine in the United States that uses canarypox-vectored technology. Recombitek Equine Influenza Virus vaccine is proven against a recent, highly virulent American strain of equine influenza ... Read full story
 12/4/2006
NAHMS: Most Commonly Used Equine Vaccine Type in U.S. is West Nile Virus  *
Equine operation managers surveyed for the National Animal Health Monitoring System's (NAHMS) Equine 2005 study report that West Nile virus (WNV) vaccines are the most common vaccine administered to horses at their facilities. More than 85% of operation managers reported giving vaccines against WNV. Of the farms that did not vaccinate against WNV, ... Read full story
 12/3/2006
Horse Owners Urged to Use Strict Management to Prevent EVA   *
Texas equine producers, veterinarians and livestock health officials have become increasingly concerned about equine viral arteritis (EVA), which has been detected in New Mexico and Utah this year. A viral disease of horses, donkeys, and other equine animals, EVA causes mares to abort, can cause mild to severe respiratory disease in some horses and ... Read full story
 11/17/2006
Injection Objection  *
We do it with the best of intentions; we arrange a mere moment of discomfort that will protect our horses against any number of painful, debilitating, and potentially deadly diseases. A vaccine is our first line of defense against illness, but it can, and occasionally does, backfire with resounding force. Adverse vaccination reactions can take many ... Read full story
 9/1/2006
Special Reports
Our Special Reports are PDF files (including images and in some cases video) on many aspects of horse health care. We hope you enjoy these educational articles! NEW! Breathing, Stride, and Jumping Performance (Sponsored by FLAIR Nasal Strips) 2008 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention Coverage (Sponsored by Arenus) February ... Read full story
 8/24/2006
Radiation-Killed Bacteria Vaccine Shows Promise in Early Trial   *
Vaccines made with bacteria killed by gamma irradiation, rather than by standard methods of heat or chemical inactivation, may be more effective, say researchers supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Vaccines made from gamma-irradiated bacteria also may not need ... Read full story
 7/25/2006
Rabies Vaccine Recall Shouldn't Affect Horses   *
Vaccine manufacturer Fort Dodge Animal Health recalled about 330,000 doses of rabies vaccine recently after a vaccinated dog became ill with rabies. Horses are not likely affected by the recall. "It's a product that's labeled for equine, but based on the presentation size (size of dose bottles in the affected batch), it's not typically used by equine ... Read full story
 6/16/2006
Vaccine Helps Treat Pythiosis   *
The Horse recently discussed pythiosis in the aftermath of hurricanes. In 1994, Michigan State University (MSU) researchers teamed with scientists at Pan American Veterinary Laboratories (PAVL) to complete development of an immunotherapeutic vaccine to help treat pythiosis (Pythium insidiosum) in dogs and horses. In 1999, Leonel Mendoza, PhD, an associate ... Read full story
 5/1/2006
WNV: A Threat to Unvaccinated Horses   *
As spring approaches and temperatures rise, growing mosquito populations will increase the risk for deadly mosquito-borne diseases, including West Nile virus (WNV) and equine encephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness). Since its discovery in the United States in 1999, WNV has spread rapidly across the country and poses a significant health threat to humans, ... Read full story
 4/24/2006
AAEP Convention 2005: Preventing Contagious Diseases  *
"Prevention of contagious diseases is dependent on an effective vaccination program and a carefully developed and strictly enforced management program," said Steve Conboy, DVM, a Central Kentucky equine practitioner, at the 2005 American Association of Equine Practitioners' Convention, held Dec. 3-7 in Seattle, Wash. "Because of training in infectious ... Read full story
 2/20/2006
AAEP Convention 2005: WNV DNA Vaccine Effective in Young Horses   *
Scientists recently showed that the Fort Dodge Animal Health West Nile virus (WNV) DNA vaccine, which is licensed but not yet commercially available, should protect foals from the virus regardless of residual antibodies received at birth from their dams that often interfere with vaccine effectiveness (maternally derived antibodies, or MDA). Prior studies ... Read full story
 2/17/2006
AAEP Convention 2005: Recent Progress in Vaccine Development  *
Four equine vaccines have been developed and approved for West Nile virus (WNV) in the past five years, one of which was the first DNA vaccine for any mammal. The pace of this progress is unheard of in industries that make vaccines for other species, and this is evidence that vaccine manufacturers and the equine veterinary community are striving to ... Read full story
 2/17/2006
Veterinarian Suggests Owners Implement EHV-1 Preventive Measures  *
In light of the current equine herpesvirus type-1 neurologic outbreaks, Rob Holland, DVM, senior veterinarian at Pfizer Animal Health, has suggested that owners take steps to prevent EHV-1 infection in their horses. "Other than supportive therapies to reduce symptoms such as fever, there is no effective treatment once a horse has been infected with ... Read full story
 2/1/2006
AAEP Convention 2005: Vaccine Efficacy and Controversies  *
"There are a huge number of (vaccine) choices out there and it's hard sometimes to see our way through the forest," said Julia Wilson, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, associate professor in Veterinary Population Medicine at the University of Minnesota. "What we should be doing is thinking about what the risk is of that disease, not just for the individual horse, ... Read full story
 2/1/2006
Scientists Test Chimera Vaccine  *
A new research model has been developed and successfully used to test a new type of vaccine against West Nile virus (WNV). Maureen Long, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, assistant professor at the University of Florida, proved a chimera WNV vaccine was safe and effective using this new research model developed by Dick Bowen, DVM, PhD, of Colorado State University. ... Read full story
 1/16/2006
Vaccination Schedules for Adult Horses  *
As desirable as it would be to have a national (or even regional) one-size-fits-all protocol for vaccinating adult horses, vaccination recommendations are best tailored to individual circumstances. These primarily include the areas of the country the horse lives in or travels to (the specific disease risks that abide in said area) and whether a horse ... Read full story
 12/1/2005
Vaccinations for Youngsters  *
Protecting tender immune systems against disease is the surest way to ensure the young horse doesn't fall victim to either temporarily uncomfortable or life-ending infections. Even though foals receive some immunity by drinking colostrum within the first 12-24 hours of life, lack of exposure and the naiveté of the immune system sooner or later leave ... Read full story
 11/1/2005
Book Excerpt: Botulism  *
Editor's Note: This is an excerpt from Understanding Equine Preventive Medicine by Bradford G. Bentz, VMD. This book is available from www.ExclusivelyEquine.com. Botulism is a disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. As in the case of tetanus, toxin is produced by a clostridial organism. However, instead of the spastic ... Read full story
 10/5/2005
Crossing Boundaries  *
Vaccination of broodmares is just one part of a complete disease prevention program, but its importance should not be underestimated. Immunization is one of the least expensive, and most effective, strategies horse breeders can use to protect broodmares and their foals from disease, and even death. "When you vaccinate broodmares, you're not just ... Read full story
 10/1/2005
Rabies Vaccination Revisited   *
Each year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) releases a comprehensive report detailing the number of reported rabies cases in the United States and Puerto Rico. The most up-to-date report, which details cases from the year 2003, reveals that more than 7,000 cases were reported in a variety of wild and domestic animal species across ... Read full story
 10/1/2005
Influenza Vaccine Updates   *
According to Equine Disease Quarterly, which is published by the University of Kentucky's Gluck Equine Research Center and sponsored by Lloyd's, the Influenza Expert Surveillance Panel this year recommended that influenza vaccines contain the following: American Lineage Virus: An A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8)-like virus.* *A/eq/Ohio/03 is acceptable. ... Read full story
 10/1/2005
New England States Report Cases of EEE  *
Three New England states have confirmed nine cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in horses this year, and none of the horses survived. This suggests that horse owners should take further measures to protect horses against this deadly disease, such as making sure their horses have received EEE vaccinations and reducing mosquito populations around ... Read full story
 9/14/2005
Strategies to Enhance Vaccine Efficiency  *
When it comes to protection from infectious diseases, the best defense is a good offense. Not only is a strategic vaccination program important, but the housing and handling of horses on a farm can enhance vaccination efficacy. A successful outcome (no disease) is best accomplished by applying intelligent management strategies for individual horses ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
Death and Destruction  *
West Nile virus (WNV) was first identified in October 1999 because of an alert zoo veterinarian in New York. The epicenter in 2005, as in 2004, is expected to be California. In six short years, a disease that had never been seen before in North America marched across the country like Sherman's army, leaving a path of human and animal death and destruction ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine Approved for Horses   *
Commercial vaccines leapt toward state-of-the-art on July 8 when the USDA granted a license for the world's first DNA vaccine for any species. This equine vaccine springs from more than four years of collaborative research between Fort Dodge Animal Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fort Dodge, CDC, and the USDA jointly ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
Breaking News: EEE Hammers Florida, Veterinarian Stresses Importance of Vaccinating  *
Florida is in the thick of a near-record Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) year. One veterinarian found that in 2003, owners spent ten times the cost of vaccination to treat unvaccinated EEE survivors (typically less than 10% of affected horses survive). More information: www.TheHorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?id=5985. ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
Study Might Link American Robins to West Nile Virus  *
A recent DNA study of the blood consumed by 300 mosquitoes in Connecticut over the past three years found that 40% of them fed on American robins (Turdus migratorius), while only 1% fed on American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Theodore Andreadis, MS, PhD, from the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, led the study. He turned his findings ... Read full story
 8/26/2005
Rabies Vaccination Revisited  *
Each year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) releases a comprehensive report detailing the number of reported rabies cases in 49 states and Puerto Rico. The most up-to-date report, which details 2003 cases, reveals that more than 7,000 cases were reported in a variety of wild and domestic animal species across the country. (Researchers ... Read full story
 8/23/2005
What's New in Equine Vaccines?  *
For most of us, equine vaccines seem pretty simple and boring--halter and restrain horse, pop in a needle and release contents, then a short time later the horse will be protected against that disease. But it's a lot more complicated than that, and the various factors affecting immunity and vaccination provide seemingly limitless possibilities for ... Read full story
 8/1/2005
EEE Hammers Florida; Veterinarians Recommend Vaccinating  *
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus is quite active this year, and more than 120 cases have been reported in Florida. The state veterinarian's office in Tallahassee, Fla. predicts levels equal to 2003 in which there were 200 cases of EEE in horses. During the 2003 outbreak, most of the infected horses were not vaccinated and were younger ... Read full story
 8/1/2005
Influenza in Horses  *
Editor's Note: This is from Understanding Equine Preventive Medicine by author and veterinarian Bradford G. Bentz, VMD. The book is available from www.ExclusivelyEquine.com. Equine influenza is one of the most frequently encountered infectious diseases of horses. It affects the upper respiratory tract, producing illness associated with fever and coughing. ... Read full story
 7/26/2005
The New West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine Explained  *
Commercial vaccines leapt toward state-of-the-art on July 8 when the USDA granted a license for the world's first DNA vaccine for any species. Horses will benefit from this accomplishment that springs from more than four years of collaborative research between Fort Dodge Animal Health and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Fort Dodge, CDC, and ... Read full story
 7/20/2005
Fort Dodge Receives Approval of West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine  *
Fort Dodge Animal Health, a division of Wyeth, today announced the licensure of West Nile-Innovator DNA, a novel vaccine for horses to aid in the prevention of viremia caused by the potentially deadly West Nile virus (WNV). Fort Dodge's development of this product, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), represents a tremendous ... Read full story
 7/18/2005
Anthrax in North Dakota  *
Eleven premises in southeastern North Dakota have had confirmed cases of anthrax this year in bison, cattle, and horses as of July 14. It's not uncommon to find anthrax in the state annually, but Beth Carlson, DVM, deputy state veterinarian for the North Dakota State Board of Animal Health, says there seem to be a few more cases this year. She recommends ... Read full story
 7/15/2005
Vaccination Side Effects  *
Editor's Note: This is from Understanding Equine Preventive Medicine by author and veterinarian Bradford G. Bentz, VMD. The book is available from www.ExclusivelyEquine.com. Vaccination may be associated with a limited number of adverse effects. Muscle swelling, stiffness, mild fever, anorexia, and lethargy are all potential side effects. Systemic ... Read full story
 7/12/2005
Principles of Vaccination  *
Editor's Note: This is Chapter 1 of Understanding Equine Preventive Medicine by author and veterinarian Bradford G. Bentz, VMD. The book is available from www.ExclusivelyEquine.com. Vaccination plays a major part of a preventive medicine program, but many programs for individual horses and even for large stables are often based on incomplete understanding ... Read full story
 7/6/2005
Strangles Risk and Treatment  *
Strangles is hardly a new disease, having been recognized as a contagious bacterial problem in horses for centuries. Yet it still remains a troublesome and persistent issue, and it is identified worldwide. Research has been directed toward developing effective vaccines to control its spread through the horse population, but management strategies are ... Read full story
 7/1/2005
Herpesvirus Breakthrough   *
Preliminary research on equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) from Cornell University indicates that the commercial vaccine containing modified live virus (Rhinomune) appears to be more effective in preventing infection than killed vaccines, and offers some protection against the neurologic form of EHV-1. Klaus Osterrieder, DVM, DVM Habilitation (a German ... Read full story
 7/1/2005
Equine Herpesviruses 1&4  *
Herpesvirus is a particularly well-evolved virus that occurs in many mammals, such as humans, horses, cats, and cows. Each strain tends to be species-specific, meaning that viruses infecting one animal species do not usually infect another species. In the world of microbes, viruses are specialized in their ability to infect and survive within a host. ... Read full story
 6/1/2005
Cornell Research on Herpesvirus Vaccines  *
A presentation on recent research into herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccines was given by Klaus Osterrieder, DVM, DVM Habilitation (a German equivalent to a PhD), associate professor of virology in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell the evening of March 26 in Lexington, Ky. His discussion was on EHV-1, Thoughts About the Virus, the Disease, ... Read full story
 5/27/2005
Intranasal Vaccine Tolerance  *
A study by Elkanah H. Grogan, BS, and Sue McDonnell, PhD, Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, of the University of Pennsylvania's Equine Behavior Laboratory, looked at how difficult it was to give intranasal vaccines using two different applicators (the two currently used in the equine vaccination market at the time of the study). The study was ... Read full story
 5/19/2005
Controlling Influenza  *
Editor's Note: This is the fifth in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations for horses. Equine influenza is a common respiratory infection. While it affects many horses, it has a low mortality rate; horses generally recover. However, flu can cause your horse physical distress, it's highly contagious, and it can keep your horse out of training ... Read full story
 5/1/2005
Vaccine Care and Handling   *
"A lot of very smart people are not aware of how to properly handle vaccines," said Rocky Bigbie, DVM, MS, director of field veterinary services with Fort Dodge Animal Health, at the 2005 Western Veterinary Conference held Feb. 20-24 in Las Vegas, Nev. "Temperature is important, and it is important to maintain records of serial numbers, etc.," Bigbie ... Read full story
 5/1/2005
Update Influenza Vaccines  *
Veterinarians and horse owners, as caretakers of the health and wellbeing of our animals, tend to be vigilant about ensuring the safety and efficacy of vaccines. But do we ever step back to examine if these vaccines, which include multiple antigens and adjuvants, contain unnecessary components? For example, by continuing to include the A1 strain in ... Read full story
 5/1/2005
The Ever-Present Threat  *
Editor's Note: This is the fourth in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations for horses. West Nile virus (WNV) might be the new kid on the block, the one gaining all the media attention, but unfortunately, it is not the only mosquito-borne disease to which your horse is vulnerable. Long before WNV ever reached North American shores, there were ... Read full story
 4/1/2005
Respiratory Disease Seminar   *
Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles were highlighted by Bonnie Rush, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, professor and section head of equine internal medicine at Kansas State University, at a Feb. 4 seminar sponsored by Fort Dodge Animal Health in Lexington, Ky. She emphasized the importance of vaccinating against these diseases according to the AAEP Vaccination ... Read full story
 4/1/2005
West Nile Virus and Other Hot Topics  *
"Our perennial topic this morning is West Nile virus (WNV)," began Rocky Bigbie, DVM, MS, director of field veterinary services with Fort Dodge Animal Health, at the 2005 Western Veterinary Conference held Feb. 20-24 in Las Vegas, Nev. He also focused on myriad hot topics in equine veterinary medicine, discussing WNV vaccination guidelines, influenza ... Read full story
 3/4/2005
West Nile Virus: Threat and Response   *
Editor's Note: This is the third in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations for horses. For a graphic demonstration of the value of vaccination, look no further than West Nile virus (WNV). When it roared onto the Eastern shore of the United States in 1999 (most likely thanks to a European or African bird), WNV struck fear into the hearts of ... Read full story
 3/1/2005
Michigan Officials Requiring EHV Vaccination  *
Officials from Michigan's Office of Racing Commissioner (ORC) are requiring all horses entering any of seven licensed pari-mutuel facilities in the state be vaccinated for equine herpesvirus (EHV), in an effort to keep the virus confined to Northville Downs, where it has been detected in four horses. Three of those horses had to be euthanatized because ... Read full story
 2/15/2005
Downloadable Vaccination Series
Using the links below, you can download the full contents of The Horse's 2005 series of articles on equine vaccinations. These are PDF files you can download separately or all together as one file at no charge. We hope you enjoy and learn from these valuable articles. Sponsored by Fort Dodge Animal Health January: Defending Against Disease (7 ... Read full story
 2/8/2005
Are We Over-Vaccinating?
Q: Is there a reliable test to check the titer of immunity before we revaccinate each year for flu, rhino, etc.? Why is a tetanus shot good for five or more years in humans and only one year or less in the equine? Samantha A: The equine veterinary community has been doing extensive investigation into appropriate vaccine schedules and ... Read full story
 2/1/2005
BEVA Shares Education  *
The United Kingdom is famous for its rich history and deeply rooted traditions, but that doesn't mean its veterinarians are bound to ancient methods of equine medicine. Quite the contrary, the British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) hosts one of the world's most in-depth, cutting-edge continuing education meetings every year--the BEVA Congress. ... Read full story
 2/1/2005
Vaccination Essentials: Rabies, Tetanus, and Botulism  *
Editor's Note: This is the second in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations for horses. Ask veterinarians anywhere in North America and they'll likely agree: If you vaccinate for nothing else, at the very least vaccinate for tetanus and rabies. The two diseases have much in common. They're endemic--meaning your horse could be exposed to the ... Read full story
 2/1/2005
WNV Vaccine: Safe for Broodmares   *
Researchers at Texas A&M University (TAMU) have just completed a retrospective study into the safety of administering the killed West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine to pregnant broodmares, the first study on this topic in equine reproductive research. The study looked at 595 mares from four different farms in Texas and Kentucky. The authors of the study ... Read full story
 2/1/2005
One Dose of WNV Recombinant Vaccine Could Help Control Outbreaks  *
A recent study at Colorado State University (CSU) found that your horse might have the ability to fight off West Nile virus (WNV) less than a month after receiving a single-dose vaccination against the disease. The challenge study tested Merial's RECOMBITEK equine WNV vaccine 26 days after immunization and found that the treated horses resisted infection. The ... Read full story
 1/31/2005
Maximizing the Benefits of Influenza Vaccination  *
"Beware the vaccination paradox!" began J. Richard Newton, BVSc, MSc, PhD, DLSHTM, DipECVPH FRCVS, of the Animal Health Trust in Suffolk, United Kingdom, during his presentation on influenza vaccination at the 43rd annual British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, held Sept. 15-18 in Birmingham. He described the vaccination paradox as follows: A ... Read full story
 1/18/2005
West Nile Virus Vaccination Guidelines Developed by the AAEP  *
The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) has released West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccination guidelines. This information is intended as a supplement to the AAEP's Guidelines for Vaccination of Horses (January 2001). Practitioners are directed to consult this publication as the following discussion is to be read in conjunction with those ... Read full story
 1/6/2005
Defending Against Disease   *
Editor's Note: This is the first installment in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations of horses. Of all the medical advances in the past couple of centuries, the one that might be the most remarkable is also the one we're most likely to take for granted. The simple pinprick of an intramuscular injection taking less than 10 seconds protects ... Read full story
 1/1/2005
Vaccination Indications   *
The world is getting smaller every day. People and horses travel across the country and around the planet at rates never seen before. It has opened up huge opportunities for competition, growth, and learning. Unfortunately, it has also given us increased opportunities to be exposed to a growing number of diseases. Never before has it been so important ... Read full story
 1/1/2005
Fighting Invaders   *
The immune systems of humans and horses are what keep us alive. Without a properly functioning immune system, disease would run rampant, with serious illness and death being the ultimate outcome. Unfortunately, it is not a simple system that functions the same for all species or even for all individuals within a species. Much of what we know about ... Read full story
 1/1/2005
DNA Vaccine Awaits Approval   *
A new vaccine to protect horses against West Nile Virus (WNV) has been developed and submitted for USDA review. If approved, it would be the first commercially available DNA vaccine for any mammalian or animal species. Steve Chu, DVM, PhD, senior vice president, Global Research and Development, Fort Dodge Animal Health, explained the conceptual DNA ... Read full story
 1/1/2005
Crunching the Numbers: California's Equine WNV Mortality Rate   *
California horse owners have been keenly aware of the problem presented by West Nile virus (WNV) in 2004, but the problem took a deadly turn last year. The virus was discovered in all but one of the Golden State's 58 counties, leaving only Del Norte County without any reported cases. According to the California Department of Health Services, 42.2% ... Read full story
 12/23/2004
West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine Awaits Approval  *
A new vaccine to protect horses against West Nile virus (WNV) has been developed and submitted for USDA review. If approved, it would be the first commercially available DNA vaccine for any mammalian or animal species. Steve Chu, DVM, PhD, senior vice president, Global Research and Development, Fort Dodge Animal Health, explained the conceptual DNA ... Read full story
 12/2/2004
Maximizing Benefits of Influenza Vaccines   *
"Beware the vaccination paradox!" began J. Richard Newton, BVSc, MSc, PhD, FRCVS, DLSHTM, DipECVPH, of the Animal Health Trust in Suffolk, United Kingdom, during his session on influenza vaccination at the 43rd annual British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) Congress, held Sept. 15-18 in Birmingham. He described the vaccination paradox as follows: ... Read full story
 11/1/2004
Maximizing Benefits of Influenza Vaccination  *
"Beware the vaccination paradox!" began J. Richard Newton, BVSc, MSc, PhD, DLSHTM, DipECVPH, FRCVS, of the Animal Health Trust in Suffolk, United Kingdom, during his presentation on influenza vaccination at the 43rd annual British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, held Sept. 15-18 in Birmingham. He described the vaccination paradox as follows:• ... Read full story
 10/8/2004
Vaccinating Strategically   *
Every spring, you ask your veterinarian to vaccinate your horse to protect her from disease while she's showing, racing, carrying a foal, or hanging around your pasture. But is this yearly routine the best way to confer immunity with the vaccines currently available? Hugh Townsend, BSc, DVM, MSc, a professor in the Department of Large Animal Clinical ... Read full story
 9/1/2004
Encephalitis: Many Causes, Deadly Outcome   *
Equine encephalitis has been around for a long time. Old-time horsemen simply referred to it as sleeping sickness. They knew that if a horse contracted it, the animal's prognosis was not great, and that if he did recover, his ability to perform might be compromised. While these horsemen were basically correct in their categorization, this is not a ... Read full story
 7/1/2004
New Vaccine Will Not Interfere With WNV Diagnostics  *
Scientists recently determined that vaccination with Merial Limited's Recombitek equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine would not confuse results if a horse were to be tested for recent WNV exposure or clinical infection. At the Western Veterinary Conference in Las Vegas, Nev., in February, Eileen Ostlund DVM, PhD, head of the equine and ovine viruses ... Read full story
 5/10/2004
HC/HERDA In the News  *
I'm amazed at some of the angry reactions that followed our publication of a news item last month on a hereditary disease called hyperelosis cutis (HC) or hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA). Some of the researchers involved--Ann Rashmir, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVS, associate professor of surgery and head of the Hyperelastosis Cutis Research ... Read full story
 5/1/2004
Shot Spots  *
All in all, vaccine reactions are very rare, and the process of vaccination against a disease process is one of the best ways you can safeguard your horse's health. Vaccination is one of the most impressive discoveries of modern medicine; the ability to protect a horse against the ill effects of several severe and often fatal diseases is a huge benefit. ... Read full story
 5/1/2004
WNV: Prevention is Key   *
"West Nile virus (WNV) is the number one diagnosed neurologic disease in horses, or close to it," said William Saville, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, of The Ohio State University, at a March 10 Fort Dodge Animal Health educational seminar for veterinarians held in Lexington, Ky. "Because of the decreased number of cases in 2003 compared to 2002, people are ... Read full story
 5/1/2004
WNV Vaccine Research   *
Horse owners and veterinarians alike have wondered if they can use Merial Limited's Recombitek equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine in horses previously vaccinated with Fort Dodge's West Nile-Innovator. Recently, Merial released the results of a study investigating this issue. In the study, 27 horses were vaccinated in spring of 2003 with a two-dose ... Read full story
 5/1/2004
West Nile Virus Questions and Answers   *
In a question and answer session at the Western Veterinary Conference, Eileen Ostlund, DVM, PhD, head of the equine and ovine viruses section at the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa, offered these answers to the audience's West Nile virus questions. Q. Can you use Merial's recombinant canarypox ... Read full story
 4/1/2004
New Research on the Merial WNV Vaccine  *
Horse owners and veterinarians alike have wondered if they can use Merial Limited's Recombitek equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine in horses previously vaccinated with Fort Dodge's West Nile-Innovator. Recently, Merial released the results of a study investigating this issue. In the study, 27 horses were vaccinated in spring of 2003 with a two-dose ... Read full story
 4/1/2004
WNV: Treatment and Prevention  *
"West Nile virus (WNV) is the number one diagnosed neurologic disease in horses, or close to it," said William Saville, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, of The Ohio State University, at a March 10 Fort Dodge Animal Health educational seminar for veterinarians held in Lexington, Ky. "Because of the decreased number of cases in 2003 compared to 2002, people are ... Read full story
 3/18/2004
TRF Receives Pharmaceutical Product Donations from Fort Dodge  *
Fort Dodge Animal Health has donated a variety of equine vaccines and pharmaceuticals to the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation (TRF) located in Midway, Ky. Lynn Bixler, equine product manager for Fort Dodge, said, "We're in the business of animal health. And providing our product to well-run, non-profit organizations--when possible--is just part ... Read full story
 3/17/2004
WNV: An Evolving Epizootic   *
"West Nile virus (WNV) is coming to a state near you if it hasn't already arrived," said Eileen Ostlund, DVM, PhD, head of the equine and ovine viruses section at the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, during the Western Veterinary Conference held February 15-19 in Las Vegas, Nev. In a comprehensive ... Read full story
 3/12/2004
AAEP 2003: Neurologic In-Depth Session  *
With equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), equine herpesvirus type-1 myeloencephalitis (EHV-1, more specifically EHM), and West Nile virus (WNV) on the radar of so many U.S. veterinarians, it only made sense to devote a four-hour segment of the 2003 American Association of Equine Practitioners' convention to neurologic disease and disorders. Assessing ... Read full story
 3/2/2004
AAEP Wrap-Up: Vaccines  *
Comparative Efficacy of Vaccines Several researchers have been working the past few years to determine if any U.S.-registered equine vaccine had advantages over others. It turns out that the serologic responses to--and protection given by--these vaccines varies significantly. Hugh G. G. Townsend, DVM, MSc, of the Department of Large Animal Clinical ... Read full story
 3/1/2004
AAEP 2003: Immune Responses to Commercial Equine Vaccines  *
"Infectious disease is common in horses; for this reason we use vaccination as an important component of our preventive strategy. Nevertheless, we're often left with a lack of studies and information that could be important (in decision-making regarding vaccination)," said Paul Lunn, BVSc, MS, PhD, head of the Department of Clinical Sciences at Colorado ... Read full story
 2/23/2004
AAEP 2003: Lyme Disease  *
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is widespread in the northeastern United States, with nearly 50% of adult horses in some areas infected or with a history of infection. Thomas Divers, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, Dipl. ACVECC, and others at Cornell University recently completed research that confirmed the consistency and ... Read full story
 2/17/2004
AAEP 2003: Comparative Efficacy of Vaccines  *
Very little scientific research has been done in the way of comparing the effectiveness of equine vaccines. However, several researchers have been hard at work over the past few years trying to determine if any particular U.S.-registered equine vaccines had advantages over others. It turns out that the serologic responses to--and protection given by--these ... Read full story
 2/17/2004
New WNV Equine Recombinant DNA Vaccine Approved   *
Editor's note: A letter to the editor from Fort Dodge Animal Health cited inaccuracies in this article and has been included below. A new West Nile virus (WNV) equine recombinant canarypox vaccine received USDA registration approval on Dec. 23, 2003, and could pave the way for a new generation of equine vaccines in the United States. Merial has been ... Read full story
 2/1/2004
AAEP 2003: Preparation of the Mare for Normal Foaling  *
Tom Riddle, DVM, of Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital in Lexington, Ky., began the in-depth session on "The Foal: Birth to One Month" with a discussion on how to prepare the third-trimester mare for normal foaling. His discussion included his management procedures within his Kentucky veterinary practice, which deals mainly with Thoroughbreds. However, ... Read full story
 1/31/2004
Reproduction/Perinatology Forum at AAEP 2003  *
Veterinarians interested in reproduction and perinatology (the foal immediately after birth) crowded into the Reproduction/Perinatology Forum at the 2003 American Association of Equine Practitioners' convention to discuss mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS), terminology for the mare breeding soundness examination, vaccination of broodmares with ... Read full story
 1/31/2004
Residual Effects of WNV More Than Anticipated  *
Horse owners should be vigilant about having equine survivors of West Nile virus (WNV) re-examined by their veterinarians before putting the animals back into work. In a study of Minnesota horses which survived clinical WNV can make the horse more dangerous to ride or drive. Julia Wilson, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, Associate Professor in Clinical and Population ... Read full story
 1/21/2004
Merial Introduces Next Generation Equine West Nile Virus Vaccine  *
Merial announced today the release of a new equine vaccine--RECOMBITEK Equine West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine. The recent USDA approval of RECOMBITEK Equine West Nile Virus vaccine offers veterinarians a first-of-its-kind product backed by cutting-edge science to offer fast-acting and long-lasting protection from the often deadly WNV. (Click here for ... Read full story
 1/6/2004
New Vaccine for WNV Awaits Approval   *
A new West Nile virus (WNV) equine recombinant canarypox vaccine awaits USDA approval, and once available, could pave the way for a new generation of equine vaccines in the United States. Merial developed this Recombitek equine WNV technology, and assembled a group of researchers, clinicians, and private practitioners in New Orleans, La., on Nov. 19, ... Read full story
 1/1/2004
Prevention for the Masses   *
Veterinary care doesn't come cheap. While conscientious horse owners realize that disease prevention is ultimately cheaper than disease treatment, when you have five, or 15, or 50 horses to care for and limits on your budget, you need to look closely and think carefully about where to best spend your hard-earned dollars in order to obtain maximum protection ... Read full story
 1/1/2004
New West Nile Virus Equine Recombinant DNA Vaccine Approved  *
Editor's note: A letter to the editor from Fort Dodge Animal Health cited inaccuracies in this article and can be seen by clicking here. A new West Nile virus (WNV) equine recombinant canarypox vaccine received USDA registration approval on Dec. 23, and could pave the way for a new generation of equine vaccines in the United States. Merial has been ... Read full story
 12/24/2003
New Combination Vaccines Include WNV Protection  *
In 2004, your veterinarian's truck might be stocked with a new combination vaccine--protection against West Nile virus (WNV) has been folded into routinely used three-way and four-way vaccines. The new combinations, manufactured by Fort Dodge Animal Health (FDAH) in Overland Park, Kan., will be available for shipment to veterinarians the week of Jan. ... Read full story
 12/5/2003
New West Nile Virus Equine Recombinant DNA Vaccine Anticipated  *
Editor's note: A letter to the editor from Fort Dodge Animal Health cited inaccuracies in this article and has been included below. A new West Nile virus (WNV) equine recombinant canarypox vaccine awaits USDA approval; once available, it could pave the way for a new generation of equine vaccines in the United States. Merial has been developing this ... Read full story
 12/4/2003
Dutch, Israeli Researchers Developing West Nile Virus Vaccine  *
Crucell N.V., a Dutch biotechnology company, and the Israel-based Kimron Veterinary Institute are anticipating the approval of their veterinary West Nile Virus (WNV) in Israel in early 2004. Based on encouraging results from their early work, they will conduct a field before the end of this year on approximately 2,000 geese using the vaccine. A spokesman ... Read full story
 9/8/2003
Equine Influenza   *
Equine influenza is a common disease that causes acute respiratory signs. In nations with extensive horse breeding and racing industries, it is currently considered to be the most economically important respiratory disease of horses. The prevalence of equine influenza is 50-60% in most field studies. It recently became possible to identify cases of ... Read full story
 9/1/2003
First Texas Case of Anthrax in 2003  *
Texas officials have detected the state's first case of anthrax for 2003 in a white-tailed deer near Del Rio. "It's not unusual to have a few cases of anthrax in livestock or deer each year in Texas," said Bob Hillman, DVM, state veterinarian and executive director for the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), the state's livestock health regulatory ... Read full story
 8/12/2003
Reaction to WNV Vaccination?
My miniature horse injured her shoulder last February (it has healed). However, after her first West Nile virus vaccination over a year later, she became lame in that leg/shoulder again. Is this documented as a possible side effect to the vaccination? I am concerned about her receiving the second injection, which is due shortly. She is just now recovering ... Read full story
 8/1/2003
West Nile Virus Vaccine: Adverse Reproductive Effects?   *
Top veterinarians and the USDA dispute allegations made in a May 30 article in The Denver Post that the West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine might have caused widespread abortions and deformed foals. Mare owners calling themselves the "Lost Foals Group" claimed the vaccine caused up to 1,200 abortions and nearly 300 deformed or dummy foals. A news release ... Read full story
 8/1/2003
Vaccination Protocols and Internal Parasite Controls  *
Preventing infectious diseases and parasites from attacking our horses are primary concerns for every horse owner. James D. Smith, DVM, a practitioner at Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates, PLLC, in Lexington, Ky., and Craig Reinemeyer, DVM, PhD, president of East Tennessee Clinical Research in Knoxville, Tenn., provided invaluable insight into how ... Read full story
 7/29/2003
USDA Clarification on the Issue of the West Nile Virus Vaccine: Vaccine Safe for Use  *
From the USDA: "Some recent stories have suggested that the Fort Dodge Animal Health West Nile Virus Vaccine approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) may cause pregnant mares to abort or give birth to deformed foals. The misleading information in those articles has sparked many anxious phone calls from horse owners, veterinarians, and ... Read full story
 6/26/2003
Veterinarians Debunk Suggested Link Between WNV Vaccine and Birth Problems  *
Despite recent media reports, Wyoming, Colorado, and USDA veterinarians say that there is currently no scientific proof to link the West Nile virus vaccine to aborted, stillborn, or deformed foals, and that horse owners should continue to vaccinate their animals to protect them from the deadly disease. Claims by a Denver newspaper that some pregnant ... Read full story
 6/23/2003
Fort Dodge Speaks Out on WNV Vaccine  *
Over the course of the past few weeks, news articles and Internet rumors have surfaced regarding the West Nile-Innovator vaccine, the USDA-approved vaccine for protecting horses against West Nile virus. The rumors and misinformation pertain specifically to abortions and deformed foals following vaccination for West Nile virus. An article published ... Read full story
 6/12/2003
West Nile Virus Vaccine: Adverse Effects in Mares?  *
Allegations that the West Nile virus vaccine might have caused abortions and deformed foals were made in a May 30 Denver Post article. Mare owners calling themselves the “Lost Foals Group” claim the vaccine has caused up to 1,200 abortions and nearly 300 deformed or dummy foals. However, top veterinarians dispute those allegations based on their experiences. Tom ... Read full story
 6/9/2003
West Nile Virus Innovator Vaccine  *
Rob Keene, DVM, field veterinarian for Fort Dodge Animal Health, talked about the West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine at the West Nile Virus Workshop held March 7 at the University of Kentucky's Gluck Equine Research Center. Keene explained plans for packaging and marketing the vaccine--which received a full license from the USDA on Feb. 6--and described ... Read full story
 5/1/2003
Owners Recommended to Consult with Vet about WNV Vaccination  *
Now is the time for horse owners in Kentucky to consult withtheir veterinarians about vaccinating their animals for West Nile virus (WNV),Kentucky's Agriculture Commissioner Billy Ray Smith said. "West Nile virus was diagnosed in 513 equine and 75 humans in Kentucky lastyear," Smith said. "Kentuckians can take steps now to reducethe risk of West Nile ... Read full story
 4/4/2003
Camping With Your Horse   *
Whether it is the increased stress of daily life or the baby-boomer generation wanting to experience the roots of their pioneer forefathers, more and more people are setting out to see the country from horseback. As a result, equestrian campgrounds have multiplied throughout the country and the design of horse trailers has changed drastically to cater ... Read full story
 4/1/2003
Gluck West Nile Virus Workshop: A Review of WNV in Kentucky  *
Kentucky has kept extensive statistics on West Nile virus (WNV) cases in the state. At the March 7 West Nile Virus Workshop at the University of Kentucky’s Gluck Equine Research Center, Rusty Ford, Kentucky Equine Programs Manager, reviewed equine WNV statistics from past years. He also described how the state planned to make reporting cases easier ... Read full story
 3/13/2003
West Nile Virus Innovator Vaccine  *
Rob Keene, DVM, field veterinarian for Fort Dodge Animal Health, talked about the West Nile virus vaccine at the West Nile Virus (WNV) Workshop held March 7 at the University of Kentucky’s Gluck Equine Research Center. Keene explained plans for packaging and marketing the vaccine--which received a full license from the USDA on Feb. 6--and described ... Read full story
 3/12/2003
10 Tips on Getting Ready for Spring  *
You can feel it. You can smell it. Spring is in the air. Oh, to be sure, we aren't finished with cold weather in many parts of the country, but it won't be long before we will be ready to head out trail riding or be off on the spring horse show circuit. It's time to take a good look at our equine companion or companions and find out if they are as ... Read full story
 3/1/2003
West Nile Virus Vaccination   *
The following responses to questions are from Rob Keene, DVM, a field technical consulting equine veterinarian with Fort Dodge Animal Health (FDAH), manufacturers of the West Nile virus vaccine. The West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine is probably one of the best-known vaccines on the market right now. How did you get it ready so quickly after WNV was ... Read full story
 3/1/2003
Kick-Starting the Immune System  *
You've just got to love the way the first vaccine research was conducted. In 1796, English physician Edward Jenner noticed that dairy workers who caught cowpox (a mild disease) did not get smallpox (a deadly, virulent disease). So Jenner took material from a cowpox sore and scratched it into the arm of a healthy, 8-year-old boy. After said boy came ... Read full story
 3/1/2003
West Nile Virus Vaccine Receives Full Licensure  *
The USDA has issued a full license to Fort Dodge Animal Health for its West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine that has been distributed under a conditional license since August of 2001. Results of efficacy studies completed and submitted to the USDA qualified the vaccine for full licensure. According to Tom Overbay, DVM, director, Field Veterinary Services ... Read full story
 2/24/2003
Botulism's New Threat; Will Horses Have Vaccine?  *
Botulism is one of the most deadly toxins known to man or beast. During the Persian Gulf War, it was confirmed that Saddam Hussein had imported 39 tons of media capable of growing botulism and anthrax, and it was also learned that Hussein’s nephew had bought a sprayer dryer capable of preserving such organisms. When a terrorist cult in Japan was infiltrated ... Read full story
 1/17/2003
WNV Vaccination in Mares and Foals   *
There were nearly 14,000 reported cases of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 2002 by the end of November, and many broodmares were exposed to the virus even if not clinically affected. As the country begins its fifth year of handling the disease, broodmare owners have many questions about how to vaccinate mares and foals appropriately. ... Read full story
 1/1/2003
West Nile Virus Vaccination in Mares and Foals  *
There were nearly 14,000 reported cases of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 2002 by the end of November, and many broodmares were exposed to the virus even if not clinically affected. As the country begins its fifth year of handling the disease, broodmare owners have many questions about how to vaccinate mares and foals appropriately. Rob ... Read full story
 12/4/2002
West Nile Virus Vaccination Program  *
On Nov. 3, the Florida Equine Practice Committee met in Ocala, Fla. One of the main topics of discussion was the protocol for using the West Nile virus equine vaccine manufactured by Fort Dodge Animal Health. According to Dr. Maury B. Linkous of Odessa, Fla., who took part in the meeting, Dr. Maureen Long, a faculty member of the veterinary school ... Read full story
 12/4/2002
Is Your Horse at Risk?   *
Like colds and the flu in humans, horses are at risk for contracting a number of common diseases such as mild respiratory ailments (colds) and flu, along with others that can have mild to devastating consequences. Fortunately, most of these diseases can be prevented or the symptoms reduced through preventive management. Here are the diseases you should ... Read full story
 12/1/2002
Vaccinating Older Horses
Can you help me find a list of geriatric horse vaccinations (for whichever diseases affect geriatric horses, how much and how often to give them, and any other information you can provide)? I have lists for broodmares, pleasure horses, competition horses, yearlings, and foals--but I am missing a vaccination chart for geriatric horses. Lija This is ... Read full story
 11/1/2002
WNV Vaccine Challenge Study   *
Research and development representatives from Fort Dodge Animal Health (FDAH) presented results from their challenge study of the West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine on Sept. 18. The information was presented at the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties--OIE) meeting "Vaccines for OIE list A and Emerging Diseases" in Ames, ... Read full story
 11/1/2002
USDA Vaccine Licensing   *
Any company trying to put a new vaccine on the market must follow a specific process to obtain a license from the USDA before the product can be used in the horse population. A vaccine receives either a conditional or full license after a series of purity, safety, efficacy (does it work?), and potency (how much is in there?) tests. But what does all ... Read full story
 11/1/2002
West Nile Virus Alert!  *
by Kimberly S. Herbert and Stephanie L. Church West Nile virus is a dangerous and scary disease, and it is spreading across North America very quickly. However, this is one of the few times when horses have it better than humans when it comes to facing disease. There is an effective equine vaccine against West Nile virus (WNV); there isn't one for ... Read full story
 10/1/2002
Vaccine Licensing  *
Any company trying to put a new vaccine on the market must follow a specific process to obtain a license from the USDA before the product can be used in the horse population. A vaccine receives either a conditional or full license after a series of purity, safety, efficacy, and potency tests. But what does all of this licensing jargon mean? The Horse ... Read full story
 9/27/2002
West Nile Virus Vaccine Challenge Study Q&A  *
Research and Development representatives from Fort Dodge Animal Health presented results from their challenge study of the West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine on Sept. 18. The information was presented at the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties--OIE) meeting "Vaccines for OIE list A and Emerging Diseases" in Ames, Iowa. ... Read full story
 9/20/2002
WNV Vaccine Study Abstract Released  *
Fort Dodge Animal Health recently received USDA approval to release the following abstract regarding the West Nile virus vaccine and its efficacy. More information on the topic was presented in today's sessions at the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties--OIE) meeting "Vaccines for OIE list A and Emerging Diseases" ... Read full story
 9/18/2002
West Nile Virus Vaccine Q&A  *
The following information is from Rocky Bigbie, DVM, a representative of Fort Dodge Animal Health, the company that manufacturers the West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine. Company officials recommend that horse owners consult with their own veterinarians to get more specific details about the threat to their horses. What is the vaccination schedule in normal ... Read full story
 9/3/2002
Mosquito Patrol   *
Mosquitoes are more than a nuisance, they are a public and equine health hazard. In addition to spreading West Nile virus (WNV), mosquitoes can carry malaria, yellow fever, dengue, filariasus (e.g., dog heartworm), and several encephalitis viruses including St. Louis, Eastern, Western, Venezuelan, and La Crosse. In a backhanded way, this is a benefit ... Read full story
 7/1/2002
California EEE Case Investigation Complete  *
Final results have been released from a study that investigated the only case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) ever documented in California. The infected Quarter Horse yearling died in the spring of 2000 (See Article Quick Find #1102 for an archived article). The disease is mostly seen on the East Coast, and is rarely diagnosed west of the Mississippi ... Read full story
 4/10/2002
The Equine Immune System  *
Vaccines are designed based on the specific nature of an antibody response to an antigen. In other words, the antibody will work only against the antigen that stimulated its production. A "booster" creates more antibodies, a quicker response, and longer protection. The equine immune system, which is designed to protect a horse from invading pathogens, ... Read full story
 3/1/2002
AAEP Convention 2001: Veterinary Forums   *
The day before the scientific sessions started during the AAEP Convention, there was a series of forums and committee meetings. These were moderated by selected experts in those fields, and were open to anyone for a majority of the time. The last 45 minutes of the meetings were open only to AAEP members to discuss anything they felt was too sensitive ... Read full story
 2/1/2002
AAEP Convention 2001: Disease Control   *
Antibiotic Treatment for Horses When treating horses with antibiotics, veterinarians must consider several factors. These factors include determining what bacteria the antibiotic is to treat, the susceptibility and resistance of the bacteria to various antibiotics, the dose and frequency of administration, the type of administration that is most ... Read full story
 2/1/2002
West Nile Virus Site Launched for Horse Owners  *
Fort Dodge Animal Health has taken a proactive approach to keeping horse owners informed on the spread and dangers of West Nile virus (WNV) by launching an information-packed web site and developing educational literature. In just two years, WNV has become one of the fastest growing health threats to horses in the United States. As a mosquito-borne ... Read full story
 12/27/2001
AAEP Task Force To Review Vaccination Guidelines  *
A special task force formed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) will evaluate and recommend changes to the group's Guidelines for Vaccinating Horses. One of the Task Force's chief assignments is developing broad guidelines for the use of vaccinations as related to the age, breed, location, type, and activity level of the horse. ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
Flu-Avert Patented; Bound For Canada  *
Heska received a patent for its equine intranasal influenza vaccine, Flu Avert I.N., on March 15, 2001. The unique vaccine is administered in one dose using a nasal applicator. The modified live vaccine was introduced in November of 1999, and has since been proven safe and efficacious in protecting horses from common strains of influenza. Patricia ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
IN Strangles Vaccine Report  *
While many practitioners and horse owners have used the Pinnacle IN intranasal strangles vaccine with no problems, there have been some reports of adverse reactions and complications. According to Tom Overbay, DVM, of Fort Dodge Animal Health, producers of Pinnacle IN, "The vast majority of users love the modified live vaccine, even using it in the ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
Vaccine Strains Identified?  *
A study reported in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine said it now is possible to differentiate between the "wild type" strain of S. equi and the modified live strain used in the intranasal vaccine Pinnacle IN. The research from the University of Minnesota on four post vaccinal "episodes" (three in Minnesota and one in Colorado) stated, "Results ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
New Flu/Herpes Vaccine  *
On April 5, the USDA granted a license to Calvenza, a combination influenza/rhinopneumonitis vaccine produced by Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica. The company says there are several unique facets to this vaccine. First, the initial two doses are given intramuscularly (IM), and the third dose can be given IM or intranasally (IN). That allows practitioners ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
EPM Vaccine  *
On Dec. 18, 2000, a vaccine to prevent EPM was approved by the USDA. As of Jan. 25, a total of 43 states had approved the use of the EPM vaccine under USDA conditional licensure. The vaccine must be used under the supervision of a veterinarian. It requires a two-dose initial series at least two weeks apart, followed by an annual booster. The label ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
Flu Avert in Canada   *
Heska Corporation announced Sept. 24 that it has received approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell Flu Avert I.N., an intranasal influenza vaccine, in Canada. Heska has granted Novartis Animal Health Canada, Inc., exclusive distribution rights to market and sell the vaccine. Heska anticipates a positive reception for the product ... Read full story
 11/1/2001
West Nile Virus Update for 2001  *
Horses in Alabama, Virginia, and Louisiana have been battling West Nile virus (WNV) for the first time since it hit the Western Hemisphere in 1999. In the meantime, veterinarians, public health officials, and horse owners are anticipating the first "killing frost," which will ideally exterminate most of the 2001 mosquito population--and the diseases ... Read full story
 11/1/2001
Rotavirus Vaccine  *
While it seems that the wheels of progress spin slowly, progress does get made. Sometimes without fanfare or accolades. Generally with the hard, dedicated work of a few people. Oftentimes because of a simple question. In this case, 10 years ago a question was asked: What is causing foal diarrhea outbreaks in Kentucky? Many farms would have 70% or ... Read full story
 10/16/2001
Preparing for Foaling  *
You have spent months, or perhaps years, planning and deciding on the perfect mate for your mare. Now, after a few appointments with your veterinarian and a couple of trips to the breeding shed, your mare is happily in foal. In a few short months, it will be time for her to deliver. Are you ready? Do you know what signs to look for that will tell you ... Read full story
 10/11/2001
New Year's Vet-Solutions  *
Exercise more. Cut down on coffee. Call your children more often. The new year is here--and why not put your horse's health on your resolution list? Just like you, your horse needs a health maintenance plan and regular immunizations from its doctor. Immunizations will protect your horse from the ravages of disease easily and effectively--IF planned ... Read full story
 10/11/2001
Botulism  *
With foaling season upon us, vaccination for botulism is one of many management considerations facing North American horse breeders. This disease can be deadly in foals, and in adult horses which are unprotected, and it can be tremendously expensive to treat and save affected horses. Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium ... Read full story
 10/10/2001
Protecting Your Horse From Disease Outbreaks  *
When it comes to protecting your horse from disease outbreaks, Mom was right. An ounce of prevention is definitely the way to go. Infectious diseases can be devastating to your horse and your pocketbook, but there are steps you can take to protect your horse. Prevention is a two-fold process. The first approach is to vaccinate your horse for those ... Read full story
 10/5/2001
Rabies in Horses  *
Rabies, an old and clever virus, is making a resurgence in parts of the United States. While the number of rabies cases in animals might seem relatively small, and the number of cases in humans minuscule, the public health costs and implications are much larger. In 1994, the last year for which accurate counts are available, some 8,224 cases of animal ... Read full story
 10/3/2001
Intranasal Equine Influenza Vaccine Now Available in Canada  *
Heska Corporation announced Sept. 24 that it has received approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell Flu Avert(TM) I.N., an influenza vaccine, in Canada. Heska has granted Novartis Animal Health Canada, Inc. exclusive distribution rights to market and sell the vaccine in Canada. Heska anticipates a positive reception for the product ... Read full story
 9/28/2001
Puncture Wounds in Horses  *
A puncture wound in any horse is cause for serious concern. For one thing, it can be difficult to treat. For another, it carries with it the danger that the horse might contract tetanus, also known in the horse community as lockjaw. Whatever the term, the condition can result in the horse’s death. Tetanus is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. ... Read full story
 9/17/2001
West Nile Virus Vaccine Information   *
The following information is written with information from Rocky Bigbie, DVM, a representative of Fort Dodge Animal Health. Fort Dodge produces the West Nile virus vaccine. Q: Why should we vaccinate now if adequate protection will be in force after mosquito season? A: Complete protection is not in place until two weeks after the booster, which can ... Read full story
 9/14/2001
Kentucky Leaders Meet To Discuss West Nile Virus  *
Researchers, government officials, and private practitioners who are members of the Emerging Diseases Committee met at the Kentucky Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center for nearly two hours to discuss how to handle information dissemination to veterinarians and horse owners on West Nile virus (WNV) in Kentucky. The appearance of WNV in the state was ... Read full story
 8/31/2001
West Nile Virus Vaccine Released  *
The equine industry called out for a way to protect its horses from the deadly neurological disease West Nile virus (WNV), and researchers and federal authorities responded. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Fort Dodge Animal Health announced on Aug. 1 the approval and release of the very first WNV vaccine for horses. The virus ... Read full story
 8/2/2001
Get The Latest Information On The EPM Vaccine  *
Fort Dodge Animal Health has launched their web site, epmvaccine.com, to provide the latest information on the new Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) vaccine. Visit http://www.epmvaccine.com, and choose Technical or Consumer Information. The EPM vaccine web site was developed as a guide to give veterinarians and horse owners a quick overview ... Read full story
 4/13/2001
Equine Vacations: Let's Go Ride!  *
"You can have the best of both worlds," is how Karen May of the North Fork Guest Ranch described a ranch vacation for horse people. "It's riding with all the amenities. You can ride and enjoy seeing different country on horseback, go above the timberline, and also have the perks of everything a resort has to offer!" She ... Read full story
 3/1/2001
Is Your Horse Enrolled In A Wellness Program  *
A wellness program for your horse will save you time, money, and most of all the headache of worrying if you're doing the right things at the right time. But with all the sources of horse health care information available today, how do you decide what's right for your horse? Books, magazines, the Internet, your farrier, the feed store operator, and ... Read full story
 3/1/2001
EPM Vaccine and the Western Blot Test
I am very excited to hear that there is a vaccine for EPM (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis)! Three and a half years ago, I had to put down an outstanding colt who was only 14 months old. He suffered from both CVM (cervical vertebral myelopathy) and EPM. The vet did not seem to feel that the EPM was severe and probably was a new infection. Since ... Read full story
 3/1/2001
Intervet Adds VEE Strain Line to Vaccine Line  *
Intervet is giving horse owners an opportunity to defend horses against another deadly strain of equine encephalomyelitis. Intervet now offers selected Encevac vaccines with added protection from Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE). The addition of the VEE strain is important for several reasons. VEE can affect both horses and humans, and after ... Read full story
 2/2/2001
EPM Vaccine Licensed  *
The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced on Dec. 18 that it had issued a conditional license to Fort Dodge Laboratories, Inc., of Fort Dodge, Iowa, a division of American Home Products, Inc., for a vaccine intended to aid in the prevention of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) issues ... Read full story
 2/2/2001
WNV Vaccine in Progress  *
Fifty-nine equine cases of West Nile virus (WNV) were confirmed last year in the Northeast. Officials at Fort Dodge Animal Health’s laboratories in Kansas City, Mo., have been working diligently to develop a WNV vaccine for veterinary use, and potentially help prevent the virus from appearing in horses in 2001. West Nile made its Western Hemisphere ... Read full story
 1/1/2001
Does Your Vaccine Program Need an Overhaul?  *
How would you like to spend less money, yet do a better job of protecting your horse against disease? Ongoing research suggests that traditional vaccination schedules might not be protecting our foals adequately. There is even controversy over the possibility that the current protocol of vaccinating foals early and too often could keep them from reaching ... Read full story
 1/1/2001
EPM Vaccine Is Licensed  *
The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced on Dec. 18 that it had issued a conditional license to Fort Dodge Laboratories, Inc., of Fort Dodge, Iowa, a division of American Home Products, Inc., for a vaccine intended to aid in the prevention of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) issues ... Read full story
 12/29/2000
Health Scheduling  *
For first-time horse owners, getting a new horse can border on the overwhelming. You have to find a suitable boarding barn or create adequate stabling on your own property and buy tack, grooming equipment, cooling sheets and/or blankets. You have to provide for proper nutrition and feeding schedules. Then you've got to arrange for regular veterinary ... Read full story
 8/1/2000
Vaccination Update  *
Better vaccines, smarter protocols. These two areas are where efforts are being focused to provide improved and safer protection against infectious diseases. Experts, veterinarians, and horse owners are looking at a future where vaccines work better, where vaccines provide longer protection, and where vaccination programs are devised for the individual ... Read full story
 4/1/2000
Mild Winter Brings Early Onslaught of Mosquitoes: Have Equids Vaccinated Against Sleeping Sickness  *
After a mild winter, Louisiana already has reported its first case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), or "sleeping sickness" in a six-year-old unvaccinated Shetland pony in Vernon Parish, adjacent to Texas' Newton County. "We recommend that owners have their equine vaccinated against this mosquito-borne disease, if they live east of Interstate 35, ... Read full story
 4/1/2000
Rotavirus in Foals  *
"But we've never had rotavirus in our foals." Read on and consider yourself lucky if your foals have never had rotavirus and you have breezed through the past foaling seasons sans diarrhea. With the increasing transportation of horses comes the increasing risk of any infectious disease occurring on your farm. As you will see, once you have rotavirus, ... Read full story
 3/1/2000
Vaccinations for Horses  *
Vaccines have been true godsends the world over. Diseases that once laid waste to large segments of the human population now are held in check by vaccines. One of those killing diseases, smallpox, has been eradicated. Much the same has happened in the equine population, although perhaps in less dramatic terms--that is until just recently. The current ... Read full story
 4/1/1999
Spring Tune-Up  *
"Oh to be in England, now that April's there," wrote Robert Browning, the celebrated English poet. He was abroad when he penned those words, and in his loneliness he imagined an English countryside where on a spring morning..."the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf round the elm tree bole are in tiny leaf, while the chaffinch sings on the orchard ... Read full story
 3/1/1999
EVA--Equine Viral Arteritis  *
Imagine the following telephone conversation. "Yes, I'd like to order some disease, please." "Yes, ma'am. We can get some disease right out to you. When do you want your disease delivered?" "The sooner, the better!" "We'll overnight that disease for you to get tomorrow. Is there anything else?" "No, that order of disease will take care of me ... Read full story
 2/1/1999
Allergic Reactions in Horses  *
Allergic reactions are complicated and somewhat unpredictable events that are triggered by various environmental factors or other physiologic abnormalities. There are several special cells and blood proteins that mediate most allergic reactions. Of the immune proteins (IgG, IgE, and so on), Immunoglobulin "E" is the one most often involved with allergic ... Read full story
 9/1/1998
Infectious Diseases in Horses  *
Viral infections of the equine respiratory tract are a veterinary challenge. They occur frequently and result in major economic loss to the horse industry. Currently available vaccines are not completely effective in controlling respiratory diseases, and the growth in international travel contributes to their spread. The most common and important ... Read full story
 6/1/1998
New Research Examines Foal Influenza Vaccine  *
Influenza is among the most common upper respiratory diseases of horses. Foals are not usually clinically infected with influenza because the dam's colostrum provides the newborn with protective maternal antibodies. As foals get older their maternal antibodies decay and they become susceptible to influenza, especially as yearlings and two-year-olds. ... Read full story
 4/9/1998
Fort Dodge Animal Health Introduces First Intranasal Vaccine For Strangles   *
Until recently, vaccinating for strangles (Streptococcus equi) was a painful procedure for both horses and their owners. Conventional intramuscular vaccination often caused lameness and inflammation that could persist for days. Now, a breakthrough S. equi vaccine introduced by Fort Dodge Animal Health promises to make painful reactions a thing of ... Read full story
 2/13/1998
Newborn Knowledge  *
With the new year upon us, it is getting very close to foaling season, my favorite time of the year. For those of you with mares which are pregnant, final preparations soon will need to be made so that the newborn foal gets the best chance at a healthy start to life. Vaccinations will be given to the mare to protect the foal, ultrasound examinations ... Read full story
 1/1/1998
Baby Boosters  *
Foals, just as infants, are vulnerable to disease and infection because their young bodies are naive to the world of germs and bacteria. The inclination, particularly for horse owners who choose to vaccinate their own horses, is to administer vaccines as early as possible or as recommended by over-the-counter products. New research, however, seems ... Read full story
 1/1/1998
Common Complaints: Diseases Horses and Humans Share  *
The titles of numerous news stories in Florida papers during a few weeks in October shared some common words--Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The disease has been responsible for several human deaths recently in Florida, and while in Orlando for the American College of Veterinary Surgeons' annual meeting, the hotel at which I was staying was closing ... Read full story
 10/1/1997
Tetanus in Horses  *
It's a beautiful sunny day and being that nothing exciting is happening in the pasture today, you decide to lie down and roll a bit. In the midst of an extremely satisfying roll, there is a sudden sharp pain in your rump area, but it goes away as fast as your initial perception of it--no big deal. Unbeknownst to you, that sharp pain was a small piece ... Read full story
 10/1/1997
Equine Herpes Virus  *
The first thought that comes to most people when the word "herpes" is mentioned is one of those nagging pain-in-the-neck cold sores, one type of which is caused by a herpes virus, and the venereal disease "herpes simplex." The word "herpes" refers to a family of viruses that actually cause a variety of diseases in people and animals. Chickenpox in ... Read full story
 9/1/1997
Prepping Stallions
It's getting close to the breeding season. What are some tips on getting my stallion, my crew, and myself ready for the onslaught? How you get a stallion ready for the breeding season depends on many things, but basically you can break it down into getting new stallions introduced into the breeding routine, and a refresher course for experienced ... Read full story
 2/1/1996




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