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Articles ( * = TheHorse.com members only )Date Posted
EEE and West Nile Virus Cases Continue to Climb  *
A total of 203 cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has been reported in the United States this year according to the USDA's National Animal Health Surveillance System as of Sept. 12. West Nile virus (WNV) cases continue to climb slowly, now standing at 75. As of our last report on ... Read full story
 9/12/2009
Mosquito-Borne Horse Diseases Update  *
Many equine health professionals are worried that because of the economic recession that's lasted more than a year, many horses are either not vaccinated or are under-vaccinated to protect them agasint common diseases. According to the USDA, as of Sept. 3, there have been 193 cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and 64 cases of West Nile virus (WNV). Last year there were 185 ... Read full story
 9/6/2009
Mosquito-Borne Equine Diseases Prevalent on Both Coasts  *
As of Aug. 25, Florida led the United States in the number of documented equine cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease with mortality rates of around 90% in horses. Washington state officials had confirmed the most equine cases of West Nile virus (WNV) this year. Thus far in 2009 cases of EEE are largely clustered in the Southeast. According to the USDA's ... Read full story
 9/3/2009
Maine Reports Five EEE Horse Deaths, Three Suspect  *
Five horses in Maine have died of confirmed Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and animal health authorities are waiting on test results of another three "suspicious" cases, reported the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (Maine CDC) and the Maine Department of Agriculture's Animal Health and Industry Division. EEE is a virus that is transmitted through the bite of an infected ... Read full story
 9/3/2009
Maine Reports EEE Case  *
The Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the Maine Department of Health and Human Services and the Maine Department of Agriculture's Animal Health and Industry Division announced last week that a 4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding euthanized in the town of Troy (Waldo County) tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Eastern equine encephalitis is a virus tha ... Read full story
 8/22/2009
Florida Leads Country in EEE Cases   *
Florida continues to lead the United States in the number of cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease that had mortality rate of around 90% in horses. As of Aug. 11, Florida had reported 48 cases. Other Southern states reporting cases ... Read full story
 8/18/2009
EEE Reports Prompt Horse Vaccination Push  *
Recent reports of several horses dying from Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) serve as a reminder that horse owners should make sure their horses are vaccinated. "We've always recommended that horse owners in Oklahoma vaccinate for it as a preventive measure," said Carolynn MacAllister, DVM, Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension veterinarian. EEE is spread by mosquitoes. ... Read full story
 7/27/2009
Two East Texas Horses Die of EEE  *
Two horses in East Texas, one in Jasper County and the other in Newton County, have died from Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Humans also are susceptible to EEE, which causes inflammation of the brain. The disease is spread by mosquitoes, and measures should be taken to prevent human and animal exposure to the biting pests. "As part of their routine health care, horses in all parts of ... Read full story
 7/17/2009
Québec Eastern Equine Encephalitis Outbreak of 2008 Reviewed   *
Following is a report by the animal health surveillance network (RAIZO) of the Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec. Only two cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) had been reported in Québec in the past 35 years until the fall of 2008, when the province experienced an outbreak of the disease. The first case was reported by Sonia Chénier, ... Read full story
 7/13/2009
Virginia Horse Positive for EEE  *
Virginia's first case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in a horse this year has been confirmed by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS). The horse, a 2-year-old female draft cross from Chesapeake, was confirmed positive for EEE late in the ... Read full story
 7/13/2009
EEE, WEE, and VEE (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis)  *
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis can be deadly, but they also can be prevented. Author’s Note: My grandfather and his neighbors in southern Idaho lost several work horses to "brain fever" in the 1930s. My grandfather’s family managed to save one mare; they tied her in the barn, supported her with a sling, and secured ice packs to he ... Read full story
 7/1/2009
EEE Horse Death Reported in Louisiana  *
Following the first confirmed case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) this year, Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commissioner Mike Strain, DVM, is reminding horse owners to vaccinate their horses. The affected horse died. Strain said Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory in Baton Rouge identified EEE as the cause of death from blood samples drawn from the horse. The horse was ... Read full story
 6/25/2009
Georgia Horse Owners Urged to Vaccinate Against EEE  *
Two horses in Long County, Ga., have tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). The Coastal Health District is encouraging all horse owners in Bryan, Camden, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Long, and McIntosh Counties to vaccinate their animals against EEE. EEE is a mosquito-borne virus that causes swelling of the brain. In horses, it is fatal 70 to 90% of the time. In ... Read full story
 6/14/2009
Readers Share Top Two Vaccination Choices  *
Approximately 1,270 readers of TheHorse.com responded to a poll asking, "Which two vaccinations do you feel are most important?" <IMG alt="results of poll on vaccinations" ... Read full story
 6/12/2009
Vets Discuss Infectious Neurologic Diseases, AAEP 2008   *
What are the most important neurologic problems veterinarians face throughout the year? That's the question Debra Sellon, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, associate dean of the Graduate School at Washington State University and professor of equine medicine, and this author (Steve Reed, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, of Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital in Lexington, Ky.) posed to the audience to start the ... Read full story
 5/10/2009
Vaccination Yearly Planner  *
Immunizations are the cornerstone of disease prevention if given appropriately and in a timely manner. One of the brightest spots of equine medical care for horses is the availability of many safe and effective vaccines to protect horses from infectious and noninfectious diseases. Sometimes it is confusing as to which ones your horse might need. Let's look at the vaccin ... Read full story
 1/1/2009
Kentucky Confirms First EEE Case Since 1995   *
According to a statement from the Kentucky State Veterinarian's Office, the USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, today confirmed a diagnosis of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in a Paint filly in Gallatin County. The 6-month-old filly first showed clinical signs Oct. 9. She was found down and unable to rise without assistance. "Once up filly would fall whe ... Read full story
 11/5/2008
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Cases Reported In Mississippi  *
This week the Mississippi State Department of Health reported three new cases of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne virus, bringing the state's total to eight for the year. Three cases of West Nile virus (WNV) have also been confirmed in Mississippi horses this year, according to ... Read full story
 10/26/2008
Two Texas Horses Positive for EEE  *
Texas has joined at least five other states this year in reporting cases of Eastern equine encephalitis infection in horses. In Houston County, in the southeast corner of the state, a horse with clinical illness has tested positive for the disease, and in Denton County, north central Texas, a vaccinated horse also tested positive and exhibited clinical signs of disease. EEE, which can be ... Read full story
 10/10/2008
Massachusetts Horse Diagnosed with EEE  *
Massachusetts health officials are warning people to take precautions against mosquito bites after a horse in Freetown became infected with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). The state health department says the horse became ill with the mosquito-borne virus over the weekend and was euthanized Monday. This was the state's first case of EEE in a horse since 2006. There were no huma ... Read full story
 9/25/2008
EEE Diagnosed in Maine Horse  *
A Standardbred horse in Lebanon, Maine, has been diagnosed with Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE). According to a statement released by Maine State Veterinarian Donald E. Hoenig, VMD, the recumbent horse presented to Myhre Equine Clinic in Rochester, N.H., on Sept. 16 after an acute onset of neurologic signs of 24 hour duration. The horse was euthanized that day and returned to the ... Read full story
 9/23/2008
Tennessee Officials Urge Horse Owners to Protect Against EEE  *
The Tennessee Departments of Agriculture and Health this month urged horse owners to protect their horses from mosquitoes and to review vaccination records for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and other mosquito-borne diseases including West Nile Virus (WNV). "Outbreaks of viral encephalitis in horses are a seasonal occurrence due to the prevalence of mosquitoes in late summer ... Read full story
 8/30/2008
Wisconsin Horses Positive for EEE, WNV  *
A horse in Dodge County, Wisc., has died from Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease that is easily prevented by vaccination. A yearling Quarter Horse died from EEE in Juneau July 28, one day after it showed neurologic signs consistent with the virus. The horse had not been vaccinated against the disease and the diagnosis was confirmed via laboratory testing. ... Read full story
 8/12/2008
Florida: EEE Reported in 30 of 67 Counties Thru June  *
The Florida Department of Health has reported positive samples of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in animals in 30 of the state's 67 counties through June 28. At that date in 2007 only 14 counties had positive EEE results from animals. There have been 45 horses confirmed positive. Florida counties that have had positive horse samples (with dates of onset) are: Alachua,1 ... Read full story
 7/4/2008
EEE: Florida Horse Owners Urged to Vaccinate   *
Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles Bronson is urging horse owners to get their animals vaccinated as the number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases are on the rise. As of June 30, there were four times as many cases as there were during the same time period in the two previous years. There have been 45 confirmed cases covering 21 counties as far south a ... Read full story
 7/2/2008
Vaccination Guidelines  *
Spring means vaccination time. In 2008, the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) Infectious Disease Committee released a revised online version of their "Guidelines for the Vaccination of Horses." Developing a vaccination schedule is not as straightforward as it sounds. So much of what you should vaccinate for depends upon such factors as where you live, how often your ... Read full story
 4/21/2008
Florida Official Urges EEE Vaccination; 9 Deaths Reported  *
Florida horse owners are being urged to take advantage of the vaccines available to protect their animals against Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus, said Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles H. Bronson. As the weather in Florida warms up, the mosquito populations will increase as will the potential for mosquito-borne diseases. Already, nine case ... Read full story
 3/21/2008
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Kills Four Florida Horses  *
Officials in Paisley, Fla., say four horses have died in Lake and Volusia counties from complications of the mosquito-borne Eastern equine encephalitis virus. Health department officials say a horse in northeast Lake County died from the virus -- which is transmitted by mosquitoes and can possibly infect humans. Three other horses have died from the disease in Volusia County ... Read full story
 3/2/2008
Mississippi State Reports Surge in EEE, WNV Cases   *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus (WNV) have hit Mississippi's horses hard this year, with EEE case numbers surging to more than double 2006 levels. According to State Veterinarian Jim Watson, DVM, there have been 27 cases of EEE and 11 of WNV thus far. Watson said there's no clear reason why the incidence of the mosquito-borne viruses has increased, especially given ... Read full story
 10/15/2007
New Hampshire Mosquito Pools Positive for EEE  *
New Hampshire state public health officials have announced that four more mosquito pools have tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). The pools were in Brentwood, Fremont, Kingston, and Newton. State officials found infected mosquitoes in Newton and Brentwood earlier this year. One horse and two people have also tested positive for EEE this season. According to the ... Read full story
 10/4/2007
EEE Strikes Indiana Horse   *
The Indiana Board of Animal Health (BOAH) has warned residents of Indiana counties Elkhart, LaGrange, LaPorte, and St. Joseph that Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a concern in their area after a horse in Elkhart County was been diagnosed with the disease. Health officials said each of these counties has recently had enough rain to encourage breeding of large numbers of the mosquitoes tha ... Read full story
 9/11/2007
EEE Found in Maryland Mosquitoes   *
Maryland's first Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus positive mosquito sample since 2004 has been confirmed. The mosquitoes were collected from the Pocomoke River swamp in northern Worcester County. The virus was detected in a pool of Culiseta melanura or "dark swamp mosquitoes," a species rarely found outside of its swamp habitat. The dark swamp mosquito feeds primarily on ... Read full story
 9/5/2007
EEE strikes Second N.H. Resident  *
A young resident of Newfields, N.H., was in critical condition last night (Sept. 2) after being the second person diagnosed with potentially deadly Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in the state this summer. State Epidemiologist Dr. Jose Montero said officials believe the patient was bitten by an infected mosquito in Newfields, or nearby. Newfields, in southeastern New ... Read full story
 9/3/2007
New Hampshire Horse Dead of EEE   *
The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health Services announced today that a horse in Kensington has died from Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). "EEE is a serious disease and, as with humans, the key is to take precautions," said Jason Stull, DVM, MPVM, public health veterinarian. "While there is no vaccine for EEE in humans, there is one for ... Read full story
 8/27/2007
EEE Threat Hits Humans in New Hampshire  *
After a Newton, N.H., resident was hospitalized and diagnosed with Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), city officials said spraying to kill mosquitoes (which transmit the virus) began yesterday (Aug. 22), according to an article on seacoastonline.com. Two ... Read full story
 8/24/2007
Michigan Officials Report First Case of EEE  *
Michigan Department of Agriculture officials have identified the state's first case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) for the 2007 season. A 2-year-old mare from Lapeer County tested positive for EEE at the Michigan State University Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health on Aug. 17. EEE, or "sleeping sickness," is a mosquito-borne illness found in horses. Horses that develop ... Read full story
 8/22/2007
Human Case of EEE Reported in New Hampshire   *
The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) today reported the first human case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in the state this year. According to a statement released by the department, the Newton resident was confirmed as a case through testing completed yesterday. There were no human cases of EEE in 2006 and seven cases, including two deaths, in the ... Read full story
 8/20/2007
EEE Hitting Louisiana Horses   *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has caused the deaths of eight horses in Lafourche Parish, La. Veterinarians also suspect the virus in two additional cases of equine illness. Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry Commissioner Bob Odom released a statement Aug. 3 on the mosquito-borne virus' emergence in the state. "Since there is no cure for Eastern equine encephalitis ... Read full story
 8/14/2007
WNV, EEE Found in Massachusetts Mosquitoes  *
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MPH) announced Aug. 10 that Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus and West Nile virus (WNV) have been detected in mosquitoes in Bristol, Norfolk, and Suffolk counties. According to the MPH statement, there have been five positive mosquito samples for EEE so far this year, compared with 50 positive samples at this time last summer. ... Read full story
 8/10/2007
Equine Cases of EEE and WNV Confirmed in Virginia  *
Virginia's state veterinarian confirmed on Wednesday (July 24) the first cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus (WNV) in horses this year. The EEE-positive horse was from Suffolk and was euthanatized because of its illness on June 26. The WNV-positive horse is from Rockingham County, and developed clinical signs on June 23. That horse has since recovered. In 2006, ther ... Read full story
 7/26/2007
Texas: Water Everywhere Raises Risk of Livestock Disease  *
Rushing water, stagnant ponds, or even sudden dry stages after wet periods can lead to outbreaks of livestock disease. Mosquitoes and biting flies, capable of carrying and transmitting diseases, thrive in the damp weather. Prolonged wet periods can also bring anthrax spores to the surface, making them a threat to livestock and wildlife after pastures dry. Horse owners ... Read full story
 7/16/2007
EEE Detected in Massachusetts Mosquitoes  *
A mosquito sample collected July 4 in Raynham, Mass., tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), the first sign of the virus this year, state health officials said Friday (July 6). There have been no human (or equine) cases of the disease so far. Officials said while the virus is appearing earlier than usual, overall mosquito numbers are down for this time of ... Read full story
 7/7/2007
N.H. Prepares for Another Year of Mosquitoes, EEE   *
New Hampshire is thawing out--and with the spring melt comes renewed worries over the return of mosquitoes and Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Towns in southeastern New Hampshire plan to begin their mosquito control programs in just a few weeks. State health spokesman Greg Moore said a mild and rainy winter actually could lead to greater mosquito populations this year. "It's ... Read full story
 3/26/2007
Another EEE Bird Found in New Hampshire  *
New Hampshire Public Health officials have detected Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in a blue jay found in Dover, according to an Oct. 17 press release. A total of five birds have tested positive for EEE in the state this year, in addition to 40 positive mosquito pools, and one horse. Last month, the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) declared EEE a threat ... Read full story
 10/18/2006
New Hampshire Town Fends Off EEE  *
The town of Hudson recently canceled all nighttime sports, postponed a high school football game, and sprayed mosquito-killing insecticide to get rid of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). There's just a few more weeks of bug season left, but the town has taken precautions since EEE was detected in a mosquito pool in late September. "I think it's a good thing that they're ... Read full story
 10/11/2006
Second Massachusetts Resident Dies of EEE  *
A 58-year-old Everett woman has died of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), the second state resident to die of the disease this year, state health officials said Monday. The woman fell ill on Sept. 11 about a week after a trip to southeastern Massachusetts, where the only other four human cases of the viral disease have been confirmed this year. She was hospitalized Sept. 12 and died ... Read full story
 9/26/2006
Special Reports
Our Special Reports are PDF files (including images and in some cases video) on many aspects of horse health care. We hope you enjoy these educational articles! NEW! Weighty Issues (sponsored by <a href="http://www.lloydinc.com/" ... Read full story
 8/24/2006
Florida: Fewer Mosquitoes, Fewer EEE Cases  *
Fifteen cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) have been detected in Florida this year, prompting veterinarians to conclude that drought has been keeping mosquito numbers down. Typically, the state logs an average of 65 cases by the end of summer. "This is certainly much lower than our average number," said Mike Short, DVM, equine programs manager for Florida's Division of Animal ... Read full story
 8/23/2006
Eastern Encephalitis Cases Logged in Florida  *
Florida Agriculture officials confirmed today (Aug. 21) that15 cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) have been logged so far in 2006. Of those, only one horse was recorded as current on its EEE vaccination; the vaccination status on most of the horses was unknown. The affected horses were in 11 different counties: Alachua, Columbia, Duval, Glades, Jefferson, Lake, Levy, Madison, ... Read full story
 8/21/2006
New Hampshire Begins 2006 Testing for EEE, WNV  *
The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services' Division of Public Health Services (DPHS) this week announced the beginning of statewide Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance season. The bird testing portion of the season runs from June 1 to October 31. Last year, seven people tested positive for EEE, with two deaths. Additionally, 54 birds, nine ... Read full story
 6/2/2006
Drought Pauses Florida EEE Cases  *
It's nearly June, and Florida's number of reported Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases is holding steady at six. Four cases have been confirmed as fatal, with two so far surviving. The typical fatality rate for horses infected with the virus is over 90%. Michael A. Short, DVM, equine program manager for the Florida Department of Agriculture, says that the severe drought ... Read full story
 5/22/2006
Protect Against EEE in Florida  *
The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Animal Industry sent an e-mail to Florida practitioners last week reminding them to make sure horse owners safeguard against Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), and reminded them to submit a special form when sending samples to Florida diagnostic laboratories. There already have been five confirmed cases of EEE in 2006. ... Read full story
 4/12/2006
First 2006 Florida EEE Cases Emerge  *
By March 1, the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) season in Florida was already underway, and Florida veterinarians remind horse owners to make sure their horses are vaccinated against the disease, which can have a mortality rate of up to 90%. Six of Florida’s 67 counties had reported EEE this year. Two horses were infected—one Duval County horse that became ill on Jan. 30, and ... Read full story
 3/1/2006
AAEP Convention 2005: Infectious Neurologic Disease  *
Sometimes subtle and often dramatic, infectious neurologic disease cases are things veterinarians never want to see, although most would like to understand them better and more easily recognize them when they appear in clients' horses. From rabies to West Nile virus (WNV), these diseases garnered their own table topic discussion at the 2005 American Association of Equine Practitioners ... Read full story
 2/17/2006
Hold Order at Additional Maryland Training Center   *
The Maryland Department of Agriculture placed an initial "Investigational Animal Hold Order" on Barn 1 at the Bowie Training Center in Bowie, Md., this afternoon (Feb. 1) after a horse showed clinical signs of neurologic equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1). The horse, trained by Chris Grove, began showing neurologic signs late last week. After discussions with his private veterinarian, ... Read full story
 2/1/2006
EEE in Michigan Horses and Deer   *
Four cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) were recently confirmed in horses in two neighboring Michigan counties (three in Kent County in September, one in Montcalm County in October). The disease was also confirmed in seven free-ranging white-tailed deer in both counties. All of the animals died as a result of the disease. Eastern equine encephalitis is not as common ... Read full story
 12/22/2005
New England States Report Cases of EEE   *
Four New England states have confirmed 15 cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) this year; none of the horses survived. This suggests that horse owners should take further measures to protect horses against this deadly disease, such as making sure their horses are vaccinated and reducing mosquito populations. Eastern equine encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease that ... Read full story
 11/1/2005
EEE Confirmed in Michigan Horses and Deer  *
Four cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) were recently confirmed in two neighboring west Michigan counties, and another in the northeast corner of the Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The disease was also confirmed in three of seven free-ranging white-tailed deer, making Michigan only the second state in the country to detect EEE in cervids. Steve Halstead, DVM, Michigan state veterinarian, ... Read full story
 10/14/2005
Vets Watch for Hurricane-Related Illnesses  *
With water pooling in places that it normally doesn't and sharp debris all around, horse owners can't help but wonder if conditions left by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita will cause an increase in the reports of illnesses such as tetanus, encephalitis, botulism, and Potomac horse fever. Area veterinarians say they haven’t seen an increase of horses exhibiting these diseases, but they're remainin ... Read full story
 10/12/2005
Eastern Encephalitis  *
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus is quite active in the United States, and many cases have been reported in Southeastern horses this year. The Florida state veterinarian expects levels close to 2003, when 200 horses were reported to have this disease. Most of the equine cases in 2003 and this year were not vaccinated and tend to be young, less than three years of age. Recent ... Read full story
 10/1/2005
New England States Report Cases of EEE  *
Three New England states have confirmed nine cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in horses this year, and none of the horses survived. This suggests that horse owners should take further measures to protect horses against this deadly disease, such as making sure their horses have received EEE vaccinations and reducing mosquito populations around the barn. A wet and warm spring ... Read full story
 9/14/2005
EEE in Alabama Horses and Humans   *
Seven cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) were confirmed recently in southwestern Alabama. The disease has also infected two people, one of whom did not survive. The Alabama Department of Public Health has recommended the public reduce exposure to mosquitoes, which are thriving due to the copious amounts of standing water left by Hurricane Dennis. Five of the equine cases were ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
Breaking News: EEE Hammers Florida, Veterinarian Stresses Importance of Vaccinating  *
Florida is in the thick of a near-record Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) year. One veterinarian found that in 2003, owners spent ten times the cost of vaccination to treat unvaccinated EEE survivors (typically less than 10% of affected horses survive). More information: www.TheHorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?id=5985 ... Read full story
 9/1/2005
Standardbred Horse Tests Positive for EEE  *
A five-year-old Standardbred racing horse from the Frankford, Del., area has tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Tests on the animal, which died last weekend, were performed this week at the Division of Public Health Laboratory in Smyrna, Del. The viral disease EEE, much like West Nile Virus, is spread through mosquitoes. EEE results in a ninety percent ... Read full story
 8/19/2005
EEE and WNV Detected in New Hampshire  *
The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Division of Public Health Services announced Friday (Aug. 5) that it has confirmed the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in a bird found in Pembroke, N.H. Lab results provided by the State Public Health Laboratories confirmed that a crow tested positive for the virus. This follows closely the positive results of two birds found ... Read full story
 8/8/2005
80 Eastern Encephalitis Cases in Florida   *
Florida officials had tallied 80 confirmed cases of the mosquito-borne disease Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in 2005 as of July 5 (75 of them since May 1), and the state could be approaching a record year for EEE infections. Florida vets received a letter in early June from Michael A. Short, DVM, veterinarian manager of equine programs in Florida's Division of Animal Industry, urging them ... Read full story
 8/1/2005
EEE Hammers Florida; Veterinarians Recommend Vaccinating  *
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus is quite active this year, and more than 120 cases have been reported in Florida. The state veterinarian's office in Tallahassee, Fla. predicts levels equal to 2003 in which there were 200 cases of EEE in horses. During the 2003 outbreak, most of the infected horses were not vaccinated and were younger than three years of age. Horses ... Read full story
 8/1/2005
Eastern Encephalitis Cases Reach 51 in Florida  *
Florida officials have already tallied 51 confirmed cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in 2005 as of June 17 (46 of them since May 1), and the state could be approaching a record year for EEE infections. Florida practitioners received a letter last week from Michael A. Short, DVM, veterinarian manager of equine programs in Florida's Division of Animal Industry, urging them to submit ... Read full story
 6/20/2005
First Florida EEE Case Reported for 2005  *
Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services (FACS) Commissioner Charles H. Bronson says this year's first case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has been reported in Union County and he is urging horse owners to have their animals vaccinated against mosquito-borne diseases. The 3-year-old horse was seen by a local veterinarian who suspected EEE. On March 22, lab testing confirmed the ... Read full story
 4/7/2005
The Ever-Present Threat  *
Editor's Note: This is the fourth in a 12-part series of articles on vaccinations for horses. West Nile virus (WNV) might be the new kid on the block, the one gaining all the media attention, but unfortunately, it is not the only mosquito-borne disease to which your horse is vulnerable. Long before WNV ever reached North American shores, there were two other forms of viral ... Read full story
 4/1/2005
AAEP 2004:Infectious Diseases Forum  *
Veterinarians swapped ideas on hot topics in the realm of equine infectious disease in the Infectious Disease Forum at the 2004 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, held Dec. 3-8 in Denver, Colo. Steve Conboy, DVM, a private practitioner in Lexington, Ky., and Maureen Long, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, assistant professor of large animal veterinary medicine at the University of ... Read full story
 2/7/2005
West Nile Virus Infiltrates the Upper 48; EEE Sprinkled Throughout   *
Every state in the 48 contiguous United States has now experienced a taste of West Nile virus (WNV) since it first was detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999. Having their first encounters with West Nile virus this year were Nevada (WNV found in birds, mosquitoes, horses, and humans) and Oregon (in birds and horses). By Aug. 26, the USDA had reported 351 equine cases in 28 states. Th ... Read full story
 10/1/2004
West Nile Virus Infiltrates the Upper 48; EEE Sprinkled Throughout  *
Every state in the 48 contiguous United States has now experienced a taste of West Nile virus (WNV) since it first was detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999. Having their first encounters with West Nile virus this year were Nevada (WNV found in birds, mosquitoes, horses, and humans) and Oregon (in birds and horses). By Aug. 26, the USDA had reported 351 equine cases in 28 states. ... Read full story
 9/1/2004
First EEE Case in Alabama   *
According to a July 3 report from the Mobile Register, a horse in Baldwin County, Ala. died from Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in late June. This was Alabama's first case of EEE for 2004. EEE is a mosquito-borne disease that causes clinical signs much like those seen with West Nile virus infection, including behavioral changes, ataxia, loss of muscle mass, diminished energy ... Read full story
 9/1/2004
Encephalitis: Many Causes, Deadly Outcome   *
Equine encephalitis has been around for a long time. Old-time horsemen simply referred to it as sleeping sickness. They knew that if a horse contracted it, the animal's prognosis was not great, and that if he did recover, his ability to perform might be compromised. While these horsemen were basically correct in their categorization, this is not a simple malady. For example, there are at leas ... Read full story
 7/1/2004
EEE in Venezuela  *
According to an April 26 ProMED report, Venezuela's Animal Health Service, Ministry of Agriculture recently reported a case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in a horse from the district Bolivar in the state of Yaracauy. The case was originally detected during the week of March 21-27. Another suspected case reported during the week of Feb. 8-14 from th ... Read full story
 4/27/2004
AAEP 2003: Immune Responses to Commercial Equine Vaccines  *
"Infectious disease is common in horses; for this reason we use vaccination as an important component of our preventive strategy. Nevertheless, we're often left with a lack of studies and information that could be important (in decision-making regarding vaccination)," said Paul Lunn, BVSc, MS, PhD, head of the Department of Clinical Sciences at Colorado State University's College of Veterinar ... Read full story
 2/23/2004
AAEP 2003: Kester News Hour  *
With researchers worldwide working on solutions to various horse health problems, there is a veritable mountain of information being published continuously. Much of this information is included in AAEP convention presentations, but some of this valuable research was either too new or brief to be included in the program. Thus, the Kester News Hour has new studies and information discussed by ... Read full story
 2/18/2004
New Combination Vaccines Include WNV Protection  *
In 2004, your veterinarian's truck might be stocked with a new combination vaccine--protection against West Nile virus (WNV) has been folded into routinely used three-way and four-way vaccines. The new combinations, manufactured by Fort Dodge Animal Health (FDAH) in Overland Park, Kan., will be available for shipment to veterinarians the week of Jan. 12, 2004. The vaccines will combin ... Read full story
 12/5/2003
EEE Case Update   *
That "other" mosquito-borne illness, Eastern equine encephalitis, continues to spread through the United States faster than in previous years. The disease has appeared in areas that don't often experience EEE, such as in Maryland, New Jersey, and Wisconsin horses; Ohio mosquitoes; and in Indiana and Delaware birds. <TABLE borderColor=#990000 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=3 ... Read full story
 10/1/2003
Suspect EEE or WNV Cases in Rhode Island  *
The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management has been notified of three suspected cases of encephalitis in horses in Rhode Island. All three horses are from Washington County and are being investigated for possible West Nile Virus (WNV) and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) infections. One horse died, one had to be euthanized, and one is alive and responding to treatment. If ... Read full story
 9/8/2003
Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Still on the Offense   *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) case reports have risen into the hundreds already this year, with confirmation of equine cases in at least nine states. Florida has been hit hardest, with a total of 183 equine cases reported from 47 counties as of July 31. The EEE mortality rate is up to 90% in some areas, and veterinarians continue to advise horse owners to vaccinate their animals against ... Read full story
 9/1/2003
EEE Confirmed in New Jersey Horse  *
New Jersey officials announced last week that the state's first equine case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) since 2000 had been detected. The 8-year-old Thoroughbred in Mays Landing, Atlantic County, was euthanized Aug. 7. "Eastern equine encephalitis has a high fatality rate in horses," said New Jersey's agriculture secretary Charles M. Kuperus. "Therefore, it is very important ... Read full story
 8/25/2003
EEE in Wisconsin: Officials Say to Take Precautions  *
Eastern equine encephalitis has struck again in northwest Wisconsin, two years after a major outbreak that killed at least 42 horses (see article #2852), prompting the acting state veterinarian to urge horse owners again to vaccinate and re-vaccinate their animals. Tests at the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and the National Veterinary Services Laboratory showed that an ... Read full story
 8/13/2003
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Confirmed in Two Maryland Horses   *
The first positive cases of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) this year in Maryland have been confirmed in two Lower Eastern Shore horses. Tissues from two horses, both from the Pocomoke City area in Worcester County, were submitted to the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH) on July 21 and July 23 and were confirmed positive and reported on July 28, ... Read full story
 8/6/2003
EEE Strikes South Carolina; Georgia and Florida Continue to Log Cases   *
Veterinarians are scrambling to keep up with the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases emerging in the southeastern United States. Since the beginning of June, South Carolina has had 17 confirmed equine cases, with about 25 pending confirmation. Florida's EEE case count is up to 113 this year, and Georgia has 30. In 2002, South Carolina had five equine cases of EEE, Florida had 25, and ... Read full story
 8/1/2003
EEE: Still on the Offensive  *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) case reports have risen into the hundreds this year, with confirmation of equine cases in at least nine states as the virus seemingly moves northwest from hot spots in the Southeast. Florida has been hit hardest, with a total of 174 equine cases reported from 47 counties as of July 25. The outcome of 163 of those cases is known: About 66% of those cases died ... Read full story
 7/30/2003
Vaccination Protocols and Internal Parasite Controls  *
Preventing infectious diseases and parasites from attacking our horses are primary concerns for every horse owner. James D. Smith, DVM, a practitioner at Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates, PLLC, in Lexington, Ky., and Craig Reinemeyer, DVM, PhD, president of East Tennessee Clinical Research in Knoxville, Tenn., provided invaluable insight into how to keep the risks of infectious diseases and ... Read full story
 7/29/2003
EEE Advisory Issued in Tennessee  *
Tennessee animal health officials on alert for the return of West Nile virus are also on the lookout for the re-emergence of another mosquito-borne disease in the Southeast--Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Tennessee's first EEE case for 2003 was confirmed last week. "Outbreaks of viral encephalitis in horses is a seasonal occurrence due to the prevalence of mosquitoes this time of ... Read full story
 7/23/2003
Florida Officials Urge Caution As EEE Cases Reach Epidemic Proportions   *
Florida Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner Charles H. Bronson is concerned about the high number of Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE) cases in the state and is urging horse owners to get the proper immunizations for their animals against EEE as well as West Nile virus (WNV). So far this year, 158 horses in 42 counties have been diagnosed with EEE (as of ... Read full story
 7/15/2003
Florida EEE Case Count Escalates to 70; Georgia Count is Nine   *
The number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases in Florida had risen to 70 as of May 30, further substantiating an earlier suspicion that 2003 will be a tough year for fighting the disease. Florida's case count for all of 2002 was 25 horses. The disease is caused by a virus found in wild birds, and it's transmitted to horses and humans via the bite of an infected mosquito. Horses d ... Read full story
 7/1/2003
EEE Strikes South Carolina; Georgia and Florida Continue to Log Cases  *
Veterinarians are scrambling to keep up with the number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases that continue to emerge in the southeastern United States. South Carolina in the last three weeks had 17 equine cases confirmed, and about 25 pending. Florida’s EEE case count has risen to 113 horses this year, and Georgia has logged 30 cases. In 2002, South Carolina had five equine case ... Read full story
 6/30/2003
84 Florida EEE Cases  *
The number of cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in Florida has risen to 84. The cases have been found in 30 counties. Only 22 of the horses were alive at the time of reporting the disease, but according to officials, many of the horses probably did not live through the days following diagnosis. Bill Jeter, DVM, diagnostic veterinary manager for Florida's Division of Animal Industry, ... Read full story
 6/18/2003
Seven Cases of EEE Confirmed in SC  *
According to an Associated Press story in The Post And Courier, a newspaper in Charleston, Clemson University tests show that Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has killed four horses in Berkley County, S.C., during the past several weeks. A donkey in Dorchester County and another horse in Georgetown County have tested positive for ... Read full story
 6/17/2003
44 Florida EEE Cases  *
The number of confirmed Eastern equine encephalitis cases (EEE) in horses has risen to 44 as of May 6 in north central Florida, according to Bill Jeter, DVM, diagnostic veterinary manager for Florida's Division of Animal Industry. This confirmed earlier speculations that 2003 will have higher-than-normal numbers of EEE cases this year. The virus has been confirmed in 18 counties, and 24 of th ... Read full story
 6/1/2003
Florida EEE Case Count Escalates to 68  *
The number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) cases in Florida has risen to 68 for this year, further substantiating an earlier suspicion that 2003 will be a tough year for fighting the disease. Florida’s case count for all of 2002 was 25 horses. EEE is caused by a virus found in wild birds, and it’s transmitted to horses and humans via the bite of an infected mosquito. Horses do no ... Read full story
 5/23/2003
Nine EEE Cases in Georgia  *
According to several Georgia newspapers, Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has struck nine horses in the southern part of the state. Only three cases were documented in Georgia in 2002. EEE is caused by a virus found in wild birds, and it is transmitted to horses and humans via the bite of an infected mosquito. Horses do not develop high enough levels of the EEE virus in their blood t ... Read full story
 5/16/2003
Findlay Classes Resume After EHV-1 Outbreak   *
Classes resumed March 10 at the University of Findlay's James L. Child Jr. Equestrian Complex, which had been under quarantine since the weekend of Jan. 18 because of an outbreak of equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1). (For more on the outbreak, see article #4179 online.) The University followed the guidelines and advice of George Allen, PhD, of the Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center ... Read full story
 5/1/2003
23 Florida EEE Cases  *
The number of confirmed Eastern equine encephalitis cases (EEE) in horses has risen to 23 in north central Florida, according to Bill Jeter, DVM, Diagnostic Veterinary Manager for Florida's Division of Animal Industry. This confirmed earlier speculations that 2003 will have higher-than-normal numbers of EEE cases this year. The virus has been confirmed in 12 counties, and 14 of the 23 cases ... Read full story
 4/21/2003
EEE and WNV Hit Florida  *
Ten cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and one case of West Nile virus (WNV) have been confirmed by serological testing as of April 3 in eight Florida counties, according to Leroy Coffman, DVM, Florida’s state veterinarian and director of the Division of Animal Industry. This is the first reported case of WNV in Florida this year, and possibly the first in the United States this ... Read full story
 4/3/2003
Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis in 2001  *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Western equine encephalitis (WEE) are mosquito-borne viral diseases that primarily affect horses east and west of the Mississippi River, as their names imply. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) last reported cases of EEE and WEE in horses, other animals, and humans in 1997. Since then, only summaries of human encephalitis ... Read full story
 4/24/2002
California EEE Case Investigation Complete  *
Final results have been released from a study that investigated the only case of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) ever documented in California. The infected Quarter Horse yearling died in the spring of 2000 (See Article Quick Find #1102 for an archived article). The disease is mostly seen on the East Coast, and is rarely diagnosed west of the Mississippi and Texas. While the ... Read full story
 4/10/2002
EEE In South Carolina  *
Encephalitis has plagued the East Coast in 2000, with South Carolina the latest state under attack. South Carolina's bout with at least nine cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) had horse owners on the defensive this fall. "We have EEE cases every year, in horses and occasionally in emus or quail," said Venaye P. Reece, DVM, Equine Programs Coordinator with Clemson University ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
EEE Confirmed In Virginia  *
Ten horses in Virginia have died of neurological symptoms thought to be caused by Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), according to Bruce Akey, DVM, director of the state's laboratory system and president of the American Associa-tion of Veterinary Lab-oratory Diagnosticians. The virus has been isolated and confirmed in six of the horses at the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
EEE In Louisiana  *
Four cases of Eastern equine encephalitis had been confirmed in Louisiana at press time. According to a report from a Louisiana Public Health Epidemiologist, the earliest onset was on March 19, and the other three horses had onsets ranging from April 25 to May 11. The first horse was in Vernon parish, and the other three were in Tangipahoa, Livingston, and East Feliciana parishes. One of ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
Encephalitis In California  *
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus or an unrecognized, but very similar, virus, was isolated from the brain of a horse which died on April 21, 2000, in Ventura County, California. Essentially an East Coast disease, EEE rarely has been diagnosed west of the Mississippi and Texas. The horse appeared at shows in Utah and California prior to its death. No other in-contact horses have ... Read full story
 11/2/2001
EEE Detected in Minnesota   *
Minnesota recently had its first encounter with Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) when the disease was confirmed in two horses in separate areas of the state. One horse was from Blue Earth County in southern Minnesota, and the other was from Kanabec County in the eastern part of the state. Strong evidence suggests that two horses in Wright County died of EEE. According to Paul Anderson, ... Read full story
 11/1/2001
EEE Outbreak in Wisconsin   *
As many as 30 horses in northwestern Wisconsin recently died from what officials believe is Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE). Most of the cases were found in an area 30 miles north of Eau Claire, Wisc., in Rusk, Chippewwa, Sawyer, and Barron Counties. Michigan also detected evidence of EEE recently in three Kalamazoo County gray catbirds. ... Read full story
 11/1/2001
Encephalomyelitis  *
The initials are innocuous enough--EEE, WEE, VEE--but the diseases they stand for can be deadly to both equines and humans. They are, in order, Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE), and Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE). In each case, the disease normally attacks the brain and central nervous system, and, with some frequency, is fatal. The ... Read full story
 10/11/2001
Injured Riders Can't Help Horses  *
Why doesn't every rider wear an approved safety helmet, and wear it correctly, every ride? Statistics show that most people who are severely hurt in riding-related incidents suffer from head injuries. I guess it's a lot like the debate concerning seat belts -- personal freedom. But I, for one, would support a state, or national, law (such as the seat belt law) that would require an approved ... Read full story
 10/9/2001
AAEP 1995 Convention Roundup  *
A total of 2,351 equine veterinarians--a record attendance--descended on Lexington for the 41st annual American Association of Equine Practitioners convention. Committee business dominated the day on Dec. 2, with 21 of the association's 40 committees meeting to discuss topics of concern and offer recommendations to the board of directors for action. A record number of exhibitors also were in ... Read full story
 10/4/2001
EEE Detected for the First Time in Minnesota  *
Minnesota recently had its first encounter with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) when the disease was confirmed in two horses in separate areas of the state. One horse was from Blue Earth County in southern Minnesota, and the other was from Kanabec County, in the eastern part of the state. Two other cases are suspected, but tests have not yet confirmed the presence of EEE. <P ... Read full story
 9/21/2001
EEE Detected in Michigan   *
Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) Director Dan Wyant announced Aug. 15 that Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus was recently detected in three Kalamazoo County gray catbirds. The positive birds, common carriers of EEE, indicate the presence of the disease in the area and serve as a warning to residents to take precautions that include preventing mosquito exposure and bites and ... Read full story
 8/1/2001
Wildlife Disease: Contagious Critters  *
Diseases from other animals pose a constant threat to our horses. Disease-causing agents, or pathogens, lurk in local wildlife, fly overhead in birds, and lay in the next field inside cows peacefully chewing their cuds. These disease agents--whether fungi, bacteria, or viruses--are just waiting for the opportunity to cross over into a horse. ... Read full story
 5/1/2001
EEE Transcends State Line Into Mississippi   *
Eastern equine encephalitis has crossed state boundaries into Mississippi from Louisiana. According to the Mississippi State Board of Animal Health, more than ten cases of EEE have been confirmed in Mississippi horses. The counties affected by the disease include Alcorn, Clarke, George, Greene, Harrison, Lauderdale, Lincoln, Newton, Pear ... Read full story
 8/13/1999
EEE Found In Michigan Horse  *
Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) Director Dan Wyant today announced that the first reported case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) this year has occurred in a horse in Barry County. This diagnosis was based on clinical signs and laboratory evaluation of brain tissue conducted by the Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory at Michigan State University. ... Read full story
 8/13/1999
EEE In Horse & Ratite Populations In Louisiana   *
The deaths of about 200 emus in mid-June come on the heels of nine horse deaths within a multi-parish area during the past eight weeks all confirmed to be caused by Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). "Last month we had horses dying of this disease and now our ratite industry is being hit by it. It's a shame we're losing these animals, ... Read full story
 7/16/1999
EEE Is Suspected In Louisiana   *
As of May 21, eastern equine encephalitis has been noted as the probable cause of the deaths of two horses in Louisiana, one in St. James Parish and the other in Lafourche Parish, according to Bob Odom, Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry. Seven probable cases of the disease, often called sleeping sickness, have been reported to the ... Read full story
 5/28/1999
AAEP Convention 1998 Wrap-Up  *
Wonder where your veterinarian was the first week in December? If he or she is at the top of the game as an equine practitioner, you probably could find him or her enjoying the weather in Baltimore, Md., site of the 44th American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention. With Baltimore temperatures ranging into the 70s, it was tempting for the 4,081 attendees (including 2,208 ... Read full story
 2/1/1999
Louisiana Veterinarians Put On Alert For EEE  *
Veterinarians in southwest Louisiana have been advised to stay on the lookout for Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis in horses (EEE). The Louisiana State Health Department has put veterinarians in this part of state on alert because Eastern Encephalomyelitis has been isolated in a bird, and because of the unusually high numbers of mosquitoes in this area. This combination ha ... Read full story
 10/23/1998
New Jersey EEE Update   *
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is a virus that is spread by mosquitoes and causes “sleeping sickness” in horses. It has been confirmed in nine N.J. horses on eight premises as of Oct. 1, according to New Jersey's Department of Agriculture's Equine Epidemiologist Janice Nicol, DVM, MS. None of the confirmed EEE positive ... Read full story
 10/9/1998
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Confirmed In New Jersey   *
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE) is a virus that is spread by infected mosquitoes and causes “sleeping sickness” in horses and has been confirmed as a cause of death in a N.J. horse. As of September 4, two new cases of EEE have been detected in N.J., which brings the total cases of EEE in the state to five for the year. Roger D. Olson, DVM, Maryland State ... Read full story
 9/11/1998
Common Complaints: Diseases Horses and Humans Share  *
The titles of numerous news stories in Florida papers during a few weeks in October shared some common words--Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The disease has been responsible for several human deaths recently in Florida, and while in Orlando for the American College of Veterinary Surgeons' annual meeting, the hotel at which I was staying was closing the pool early at night and taking extra ... Read full story
 10/1/1997