State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques Reviewed

Learn how computed tomography (CT), MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy can help vets diagnose issues within horses’ bodies.
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An appropriate treatment plan for rehabilitation and recovery post-musculoskeletal injury is built upon the foundations of an accurate diagnosis and detailed characterization of the pathology. Radiography and ultrasonography are the cornerstones of the evaluation, but can fall short in the assessment of some conditions. Advanced modalities such as computed tomography (CT), MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy might be beneficial in select cases.

Computed tomography usually requires the horse be placed under general anesthesia to prevent movement. Areas that can be imaged include the distal limbs (from the carpus or tarsus down to the hoof) and the head. This imaging modality is best suited for evaluating bone as it provides excellent osseous (bony) detail, but can also be useful for assessing soft tissues. Common indications for CT in horses include the characterization of distal limb fractures and paranasal sinus disease related to ethmoidal hematoma, cysts, neoplasia, or dental issues.

Contrast enhancement with CT is another technique that can further differentiate normal versus abnormal areas within soft tissues. With this method, iodine-based contrast media is injected intravenously and can help enhance visualization of pathology. Computerized three-dimensional models can also be generated from a study, which further aids in conceptualizing damaged tissues. An exciting improvement to this technology, which currently has very limited availability, is a standing CT system for imaging horses without the need for general anesthesia.

MRI has transformed our understanding of injuries to the distal limbs of horses and can be invaluable in the work-up of the equine athlete

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